Institutional Environment,Interest Groups And Policy Entrepreneurs:the Logic Of Minors Social Protection Polices Making Process In J City

Minors social protection has been widespread concern.The minors social protection work needs policy support,the scientific nature of the relevant social policy making process is the basis for the protection of minors' legitimate rights.As one of the pilot cites for social protection of minors,J city has formulated a series of minor social protection policies.This study takes the minors social protection polices making process in J city as the research object,deeply discusses the influence factors and the interaction mechanism of policymakers in the process,illustrates the dynamic mechanism of the social policy making process,and rethink the policy-making theories and the social welfare system.Through an systematic review of the minors social protection research,it is found that there is a lack of attention to the research on the process of social protection policy making.According to the literature analysis,it is found that the existing policy making process theory can be divided into four perspectives:stage perspective,institutional environment perspective,interest group perspective and individual perspective.Although these theories have promoted the understanding of the social policy making process,but they still can not fully explain the minors social protection polices making process of J city.Based on the analysis of the policy making process theories and the experience of J city,This paper constructs an "policy making ecological system" analysis framework which is comprised by institutional environment,interest groups and policy entrepreneurs,in order to analyze the making process of minors social protection policies systematically.This research uses case study and literature research methods,using the participant observation method and interview method to collect research data,typology method is used to analyze the data.This study has the following findings:first,institutional environment shapes and restricts the policy content,it makes the social policies difficult to be innovative and breakthrough,and fall into a "policy failure" cycle.Second,minors social protection policy is far away from it's original intention in the game of interest groups.The separation of interest groups is the biggest obstacle to policy making process.In policy making process,different policy subjects examine and weigh the policy content based on the perspective of departmental interests,but the interests of the policy objects are ignored.It makes the policy-making become a process in which different interest groups compromise with each other to get the interest balance.On surface,the formulation of social protect policy is an reflection of government and its functional departments fulfill the duties and undertake their social responsibility in order to safeguard the rights of minors,but in fact,it is an important method for departments to cope their responsibility and avoid the political risk.Third,policy entrepreneur is an important force to promote the formulation of policy.Policy entrepreneur has typical personal characteristics,it can use a variety of methods and techniques to advocate and promote the development of policies.Besides,it is found that the policy making process has led to the discretion.The existence of discretion is a kind of intention in policy making,and it is the result of interest consideration and risk aversion.At the same time,the role of experts in the policy-making process has also changed,they not only provide intellectual support for policy making,but also obtain power in policy by emphasizing professionalization.This study argues that in the process of minors social protection policy making,a evidence-based assessment system should be established,it should be guided by minors need.on the other hand,the government should shoulder the responsibility,get ride of the drawbacks of bureaucracy,change the backward administrative framework,seek the breakthrough in policy making.