The Change Of Lenin's Understanding Of Russian Populism And Its Contemporary Enlightenment Study

Populism is a social and political phenomenon with historical recurrence in the modernization process,which tends to appear in the social transition period or the slow period of social and economic development.In today's world,populism always has fertile soil.It is active in all parts of the world,including major developed countries,affecting the global political and economic pattern.The roots of populism were first seen in Russia before and after the mid-19th century.Serf system reform in 1861 has given rise to a lot of petty bourgeoisie.As a representative of the interests of the petty bourgeoisie and the first propagandists of Marxism in Russia,Populism was on the historical stage,proposed the theory of "peasant socialism" which integrate the eastern and western cultures,created the Russian revolution.In the course of about a century of evolution,despite the many stages of development,presenting a complicated form of expression and tendency,the theoretical kernel of Russian populism was consistent.Lenin ascended to the Russian BBS in the first half of the 1890s,just as capitalism was developing rapidly in Russia,the workers' movement was booming,and Marxism was spreading.But at this point,the populist attempted to still rely on farmers and rural villages and to realize socialism through the unique combination of labor,which hindered the propagation of Marxism and the development of the revolutionary movement of the proletariat to a degree.So,as a defender and truth pursuers of Marxism,Lenin inevitably launched radical criticism against Reformist populism which was the dominant position in social media at that time.The content of criticism includes economic view,political view,social view,cultural view,revolutionary concept,etc.By the turn of the 20th century,with the development of the Russian revolutionary situation and the new understanding of the Russian national conditions,Lenin's understanding of populism have taken place great changes,admitted populism in "history of the world is right".In accordance with the historical conditions change,Marx and Engels had different understanding and evaluation of populism.Lenin inherited the epistemology and methodology of Marx and Engels.Along with the development of Russian populism in history evolution,Lenin's attitude towards it also experienced from negation to affirmation again to part of the reference.The reason for the flexibility and variety of the treatment of Russian populism is that Lenin always adhered to marxist guidance and developed Marxism with the practice of the Russian revolution.It was Lenin who deepened his understanding of Russian populism by carefully studying the writings of the Russian populist and deeply communicating with the populist thinkers.It is Lenin's extensive research and in-depth study to deepen the understanding of the Russian situation with scientific data.Lenin used historical materialism and revolutionary dialectics to continuously absorb the essence of Russian populism in the socialist revolution and construction.In the contemporary era,the rise of populism on a global scale has directly affected the world's democratic politics and globalization,and has even affected the pattern of global politics.It is an important warning function for Chinese society in transition to examine the phenomenon,characteristics and origin of the contemporary world populism.Populism has had a broad and positive impact in Chinese politics.But now with China reform into the "Deepwater area",Profound changes in the economic system,and in social structure,The interest pattern is deeply adjusted and the continuous appearance,deepening and intensifies of various social contradictions,Populism has revived,whose negative effect is endangering socialist construction.In addition,the development of the Internet make it an important boost for populist.Network spontaneity,concealed,interactive and invasive characteristics lead to a lot of emotional and irrational expression,populism sounded in Internet public opinion events,these caused a greater negative impact on society.On the other hand,populism reflects the interest demands of the lower class and the disadvantaged groups,and is of constructive significance in purifying the political environment,promoting social justice and narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor.The search for countermeasures and solution to social contradictions and practical problems reflected by the underlying population not only helps to eliminate the populist damage factors,but also helps to improve the overall level of political and social development.To clarify the concept and characteristics of Populism and the Russian national populist,study on the development of the Russian national populist process,analysis of the change of the Lenin's understanding of the Russian national populist,examine the roots of the rise of populism in the modern world,which has great theoretical value and contemporary meaning about how to treat Chinese contemporary national populism dialectically.