Research On The Embedded Governance Of Social Organizations From The Perspective Of Project System

Project system which is an exploration and practice of social governance mechanism innovation in local government of China,has greatly changed the administrative system of our country,and become an important mode of resource allocation between central and local governments and local governments at all levels.Although the project system shows a pattern of technocratic thinking,the government and social organizations will be affected by certain factors in the implementation of the project,with multiple intentions.One of the outstanding features is the government's embedded supervision of social organizations during the operation of the project,and the social organization is compromised by this embedding to obtain the government's resource support.This new type of governmentsocial relationship constitutes a unique governance model---the embedded governance of social organization.The embedded governance system of social organization is a combination of governance subjects,embedding methods and embedding processes.In the system,the relationship between government and social organization is no longer the traditional dominating-dominated,but the co-existence of monitoring and cooperation.The embedding of Party organizations plays a role of political guarantee and ideological mobilization for social organizations,so that they can not deviate from the direction of development,and the function of the basic unites of the Party can win more resources and power for social organizations.Enterprises and the public which are important collaborative power should pull their weight on the governance.The government's embedding has multiple layers and features of multiple perspectives,forming a complex embedded system with various crossintegration and universal connections.At various stages of the project,the government adopts different embedding strategies to form a comprehensive and whole-process embedded supervision.The embedded governance mechanism of social organization is a combination of implicit and explicit rules and systems based on relationship governance and contract governance.In the project system of public services supply,the government's "hidden purchase barrier",fostering,internalized purchase and exclusive competition for social organizations based on the governance mechanism of relationship norms belongs to "principal-agent" mode—a formal governance mechanism to restrain the behavior of both is mainly relationship governance substantially.The study found that: different governance mechanisms were adopted by the government in different stages of the governance process and the range of relationship;Relationship governance and contract governance application degree is different,in general,high contract governance shows a mature relationship between the government and social organizations,while high relationship management is suitable for the early stage of embedded governance which can be used to cultivate and hatch social organization.The strategic goal of government function transfer and service government construction provides the development opportunity for the social organization,and the strength of the social organization has laid the foundation for the realization of the goal of the administrative reform of the government.In the project system,government and social organizations have their own interests and target choices,thus showing the characteristics of embedded governance.It is easier to construct the motivation model of Chinese specific situation by applying the method of the grounded theory to explore the motivations of the embedded governance of social organizations.Our research found that the embedded governance practices are influenced by political,economic,social and cultural factors,which is the cause of the embedded governance.As to the effect,it needs the test of performance appraisal which has an index system from the government,the social organization and the social audience.The empirical analysis of the case showed that the embedded governance of social organization is effective,which is not only good for social organizations' development,but also meet the service requirements of the audience basically,though there are some defects and problems: social organizations rely heavily on government resources,lack of competition in projects,lack of talents and funds,and narrow coverage of service audiences.Embedded governance of social organization could be improved by the combined effort of the four portions,which are ability construction of governance subjects,the construction and completeness of governance network,scientific choice of governance mechanism,and column-oriented institutional construction of governance guarantee.Government ability is carried out from three aspects: decision-making ability,learning ability and strategic planning ability.To solve the fragmented phenomenon of the social works,a public service network based on hub type organization is proposed which come from the idea and planning of network structure,principal relationship and practice path.Governance mechanism is dominated by contract governance,complemented by relational governance.Safeguard measures of the embedded governance should be built by institution of coordination and distribution of responsibilities,accountability,resources sharing,supervision and guarantee,and strengthen of project evaluation of public services.