On Marx's View Of Justice

Although the problem of justice was accompanied by the emergence of human civilization,it was endowed with different connotations by philosophers and thinkers of different times.However,to regard "justice" as a kind of main value independent of the basic values of human society,such as "freedom" and "equality".What is concerned by the whole field of humanities and social sciences,is the revival of western political philosophy since the 1970s.The question of Marx and justice was put forward by the Marxists in the western analysis in the discussion of this political philosophy,and thus caused a lot of arguments about Marx's view of justice.It also becomes a hot issue in the study of contemporary western political philosophy.At the beginning of this paper,by clarifying the premise of the study of Marx'sview of justice,we point out the methodological and theoretical consciousness which should be possessed in the Marx's research on the concept of justice,thereby avoid being stuckin the rut of contemporary western political philosophy or western traditional speculative philosophy.The research on Marx's view of justice based on this method helps us to understand the unique connotation of Marx,s concept of justice.The formation of Marx's viewof justice is not only the criticism and absorption of the past justice theory,but also realized in the real pictureof various social contradictions of capitalist society.Although the view of justice before modern times has different forms,generally speaking,justice nowadays is usually based on some transcendent value suspension to define the order and individual behavior of the real society and to justify their social reasonableness in a metaphysical,natural law,or religious theological form.The separation of civil society from political state caused by the emergence of capitalist society since modern times has gradually transformed a unified view of justice into a more pluralistic understanding of justice.In the different stages of development of capitalist society,the concept of justice has appeared in different directions.As a personal capital,the individual rationality has also become the criterion of justice.In addition,the capitalist society in the continuous development at the realization level exposed its unjust naturesimultaneously,utopian socialism came into being,and conceived an ideal just society.The formation of Marx's view of justice is maturing and deepening by absorbing the previous ideas,and the expression of his views of justice comes directly from the criticism of the previous view of justiceJust like Marx's thought itself is a course of change and development,the formation and maturity of Marx's view of justice is also a historical process.It is constantly forged and deepened in the process of absorbing and criticizing the thought of the predecessors or the confrontation with different philosophers or thinkers of the same era and the intense realistic reflection.Before 1844,in the edification of classical philosophy and enlightenment thought,Marx followed the way of justice thought assumpted by traditional values;As Marx turned to the study of political economy and the establishment of his philosophy of historical materialism,Marx changed his previous thinking mode of justice and turned to understand the problem of justice in reality with a perspective of practical restoration and combine this understanding of justice with thepratical proletarian movement,and then make its understanding ofjustice completely derail from the entanglement of capitalist ideology;In the further analysis of capitalist society itself,especially in the criticism of social integrity marked by Das Kapital,Marx found that the root of the injustice of capitalist mode of production itself is the possession of surplus value.And from the historical law of the development of human society,it explains that the standard of justice is the basic viewpoint of adapting to the mode of production,and in the mean time points out the possibility and path to realize the communist society in the real working class movement.The investigation of the formation course of Marx's view of justice actually shows that the concern for man itself,that is,the pursuit of a kind of substantive justice,has not changed.The difference is that the way of discussion and the change between fields is the unique temperament of Marx's view of justice.It makes justice as a value from the abstract to reality and then into the historical process and in the completely new framework of scientific theory is rewritten and reconstructed.After discussing the internal relationship of the formation process of Marx 's view of justice,this paper discusses the basic content of Marx's view of justice.Since the establishment of Marx's historical materialism,Marx was no longer trying to establish some kinds of value principles or property rules as the justice theorists used to do.On the contrary,Marx started from changing the material power behind these values.The realization of social justice is no longer dependent on a certain principle of justice with lofty or utility considerations.The concept of justice itself does not have ego-realization ability,and the value itself has its historical applicability only in the mode of production in a particular society.Therefore,justice cannot be understood as a change from concept to concept,nor is the realization of justice a unidirectional derivation from thought to reality.The value of justicedetermining these conceptual formations or individual moral accomplishment is closely related to the way of social material production and labor,and the staggered between concept and reality could only be measured by its applicability.If the pursuit of justice in the past was devoted to solving the problem of injustice in reality and providing the mark or basis for the judgment of this kind of problem,the essence of Marx's view of justice is to commit itself to the root of the problem.That is to change the premise of these problems from the mode of production of human society,and then cancel the problems themselves.Here the "ought to be" of justice exits from the "reality" in reality,and the inherent contradiction reflected in"reality" also makes it as a historical category to "inevitability".Although Marx's view of justice was born in the European capitalist society in the 19th century,it was never intended to provide value norms or value systems for the real capitalist society.On the contrary,the aim of Marx's view of justice,which is based on revolution and "changing the world",is to overcome the coercion and exploitation of the individual labor and its proceeds brought by the social production mode based on"possession" in the capitalist society since modern times.It exceedthe ethical solution in the sense of the general political liberation or political justice,so as to achieve"human socialization and socialization of the human" or "human liberation".This grand and high value orientation and historical justice analysisis not onlysharply demarcated from the liberalist view of justice in modern times,but also has a profound significance in the contemporary debate of justice theory and socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.