Research On People's Livelihood Issues In China's Ethnic Autonomous Regions

China is a united socialist country with multi-ethnics.The system of regional ethnic autonomy is a basic form or policy of the Communist Party of China to solve ethnic problems,and it is one of the three major political systems in China.In autonomous areas in China,the government of ethnic autonomous region is the highest and supreme administrative unit,with a wide area of jurisdiction.Livelihood issue is of a social concern at present,with a heated discussion to ethnic minorities.A special attention to it will be very conducive to promote social justice and stability;but a neglect of it might lead some simple and superficial economic social problems to complex ethnic political problems and contradictions,which may affect the stability and development of ethnic minority areas and even the whole country.For the past years,the five ethnic autonomous regions in China has made remarkable achievements in economic and social development,with people's life greatly improved,but compared with other developed provinces and cities,the gap is still large and expanding.At the same time,the development of people's livelihood between various ethnic autonomous regions is imbalanced.Therefore,an objective and justice evaluation of the development is of great significance to the scientific determination of the livelihood development,allowing full play to their strengths to the rapid,healthy and sustainable development of national autonomous regions.It is a new attempt in the research field of the livelihood of the people in our country to study the five ethnic autonomous regions as a whole.Using statistical analysis method,the author first establishes a set of relatively scientific quantitative evaluation index system.Current status of the five ethnic autonomous regions in China and their people's livelihood and development speed were scientifically measured and evaluated,obtaining various kinds of information and specific features;By contrastive studies,not only analysis of the self-development of the ethnic autonomous region and its index sorting are manifested,but a comparison of people's livelihoods between the ethnic autonomous regions,and the five coastal developed provinces(cities)and other provinces are shown.Historical analysis objectively reflects the achievements;across-wide comparison directly reveals the main problems and the causes.The targeted strategies and suggestions are put forward with scientific method,genuine data,and objective conclusion.The author tries to combine theory with practice,combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis,research with countermeasures.The present paper has seven parts as follows:Chapter 1 is an introduction.Through definition and related concepts,it indicates the significance of the ethnic autonomous region livelihood issues.From domestic and foreign research literature,the author tries to determine the research perspective and possible innovations point of this article.Chapter 2 is the theoretical foundation of the livelihood issues.Three sources of the current theory of the Chinese people's livelihood are pointed out:that from the ideology of western society,that from Chinese traditional culture and that from Marxism.Chapter 3 is a system design of the livelihood evaluation of the autonomous regions.First,the basic situation of the ethnic autonomous regions in our country is introduced macroscopically.Then,there is a retrospect on the development of the people's livelihood.Based on actual situation of the national autonomous region,a quantitative evaluation system for livelihood in China is structured,which paves the way for next chapter to make a comparative analysis.Chapter 4 gives an overall analysis of the current situation of people's livelihood development in national autonomous regions.First,a nationwide intuitive description of ethnic autonomous region livelihood is made,according to the evaluation index system of the livelihood quantitative development;Then a longitudinal comparison method is made to review the history of people's livelihood index,and the speed of the livelihood quality improvement so as to learn from the past and adhere to the successful practice;After that,a transverse comparison method is made to analyze five ethnic autonomous regions and coastal developed cities so as to draw an objective evaluation on their outstanding achievement and relative gap.Chapter 5 is an analysis of the inadequate development of the ethnic autonomous region livelihood.Six aspects are studied:the relatively low urban and rural income,the obvious disadvantage of their education and culture,the recessive unemployment rate,the health service supply and demand gap,the poor housing security and the need-to-improve security for aged society.Chapter 6 summarizes the basic experience of the ethnic autonomous region to address the problem of the people's livelihood,including:Social stability is the precondition to solve the problem of the people's livelihood ethnic autonomous region;Based on the local economic development is the key to solve the problem of the people's livelihood ethnic autonomous region;Cultural prosperity is the inner motive power of national autonomous regions to solve livelihood issues;Accurately grasp the party,government and the people role is a basic requirement of national autonomous regions to solve livelihood issues.Chapter 7 puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for accelerating the development of national autonomous region livelihood.Aiming at the deficiencies in ethnic autonomous region development,some corresponding countermeasures are proposed.During the "twelfth five-year" period,development modes are under transition.Priority is given to the people's livelihood,and regional disparity is narrowing,a harmony of man and nature.Statistical analysis is studied for the situation of national autonomous region people's livelihood in China,which is of a great importance and significance.By means of quantitative analysis,we can fully understand the current status of national autonomous regions and their livelihood growth so as to implement different regional aid policy for our government.