The Influence Of Political Culture On The Reform Of The Political System

Political culture and political institution are two independent systems in political system,their development follows their own internal laws.When political culture and political system are coordinated,the political system has shown a steady development trend.Of course,there is no ideal state in which the two are absolutely identical.However,as long as the tension between them remains within a certain limit,a good political order can become a reality.When the inconsistency between political culture and political institution exceeds a certain limit,the political institution presents a turbulent situation.The old political institution can not meet the needs of social development,and the proposition of institutional change will follow.If the traditional political culture still has a strong influence,the process of building a new political institution will be particularly difficult.Even if it is constructed,it is difficult to sustain it for a long time due to the lack of support from the new political culture.As an implicit structure in the political system,political culture has an important impact on the reform of the political institution.Mainly through three aspects:Firstly,in terms of the spread of political culture,it shows whether the political culture of the elite and the masses is synchronized.When society changes,the political culture of the elite first changes.If the political culture they advocate can affect the masses,then the political culture of the elite and the masses is consistent.The change of political institution will be smoother if it has a broad identity of political culture.Conversely,change is hard to succeed.Secondly,in terms of the integration effect of political culture,it shows whether the traditional and foreign political culture can be integrated.In the period of social transformation,political culture tends to coexist in a pluralistic way.Traditional political culture was impacted by foreign political culture and began to dissolve;foreign political culture was resisted by traditional political culture,and it was difficult to form a stable consensus among the people.If the traditional and foreign political culture can be successfully integrated,the political institution reform becomes a matter of course.On the contrary,integration fails,political culture is fragmented,and the reform of political system is difficult to succeed.Thirdly,in terms of the gradation of political and cultural evolution,it showswhether the superficial political thought has completed the transformation to the deep political psychology.Generally speaking,the social elite represented by advanced intellectuals are easy to accept foreign political ideas because of their relatively open and inclusive attitude.The political psychology of the public is a deep-seated accumulation of ideas,and it is difficult to achieve change in a short time.If political culture is formed naturally on the basis of the country's economic and social development,then the deep-seated transformation of political culture is more likely to occur,and the achievements of political institution reform will be consolidated accordingly.On the contrary,if political culture is transplanted from foreign countries and is far from the social and economic conditions of the country,the deep evolution of political culture is difficult to achieve and the reform of political institution is therefore difficult to succeed.As a reform movement aimed at realizing national independence and national prosperity in modern Chinese history,the Reform Movement of 1898 has certain progressive significance.However,the intellectuals' goal of institutional reform has not been achieved,the constitutional monarchy has not been constructed,and the autocratic monarchy still exists.From this point of view,the Reform Movement of1898 was a failure.The failure of political institution reform is certainly influenced by the economic foundation,political game and social structure.However,from a more profound and long-term perspective,there was a clear disconnect between the situation of political culture at that time and the constitutional monarchy advocated by the reformists.Traditional political culture occupies the mainstream position and forms a solid support for the autocratic monarchy system.The new political culture has not yet been formed and perfected,so the constitutional monarchy is difficult to penetrate into the hearts of the people.Reformist intellectuals advocated the establishment of a political institution of constitutional monarchy in China,and proposed specific measures such as the establishment of a parliament,the revitalization of civil rights and the separation of powers.At the same time,they propagated the constitutional monarchy and its matching political culture.However,the propaganda scope of his political thoughts is limited to the social elites such as intellectuals and the ruling class.Ordinary people don't understand the new political culture they advocate,they still stick to the traditional political culture.These factors of political culture form a solid support forthe autocratic monarchy institution,such as seeking stability and conservatism,opposing change,attachment to and worship of imperial power,etc.Therefore,the breadth of political culture dissemination of the 1898 Reform Movement is extremely limited.In the period of the 1898 Reform Movement,the traditional political culture still exerts a far-reaching and wide-ranging influence.After thousands of years of development,Chinese traditional political culture has formed its own rigorous and complete logical structure.It is not a simple integration with western political culture that can achieve the internal fit of the new political culture.The reformers' integration of Chinese and Western political culture is superficial and utilitarian in serving the real political change.The superficial simple choice of Chinese and Western political culture can not form a solid support for the constitutional monarchy,and the Reformists have not completed the task of integration of Chinese and Western political culture.China's modernization is an exogenous model.The closed door of China was opened by foreign hard ships and sharp guns,and the process of modernization was thus opened.However,due to the long-term development of feudal society,economic,political and cultural cooperation,Chinese society has formed a super-stable social structure.During the Reform Movement of 1898,small-scale peasant economy was still the main economic form,patriarchal clan system was still the main structure of society,and Confucian political theory and moral norms still firmly existed in people's minds.Therefore,subjects' political psychology is very stable,and it is difficult to achieve change in a short time.From the level of evolution of political culture,the new political culture advocated during the Reform Movement of 1898 only stayed in the shallow level of political ideology,but did not evolve into the deep level of political psychology in people's hearts.On the basis of adhering to the materialist research methods,this paper chooses the specific case of the Reform Movement of 1898 as the research object,analyses the reasons for the failure of the movement in the reform of political institution from the perspective of political culture,and summarizes the specific mechanism of the influence of political culture on the reform of political institution.In the aspect of propaganda of new political culture,the influence of the Reform Movement of 1898 was limited,the integration of Chinese and Western political culture was notcompleted,and the transformation of political thought to political psychology was not realized.Therefore,the new political culture has not formed a stable support for the constitutional monarchy,and the proposition of political institutional transformation has not become a political reality.