Cross-Field Research On The Public Opinion Field And Offical Opinion Field During Public Emergency Events

In recent years,China has been in a period of social transition.The imbalance of economic development and the redistribution of social interest relations have intensified conflicts in Chinese society.Public emergencies caused by social conflicts occur frequently,and with economic development,people's sense of crisis has increased.Thus,some types of public emergencies receive a lot of attention by the media and the public.The rapid development of the Internet and Web 2.0 has promoted the expansion of the public opinion field,from offline mouth-to-mouth conversations to cyberspace,particularly on “We Media”.As a result,th official opinion field under the control of Chinese traditional media system is confronted with the brand new opportunities and challenges.In this context,this paper will study on the opinion fields in Chinese society and put forward the following core research questions:(1)How does the opinion fields in Chinese society form and develop?(2)Nowadays,What is the composition of the opinion fields in China and What are the characteristics of them?(3)What is the relationship between different opinion fields in Chinese society? In order to answer the above questions,this paper concentrated on the opinion fields during public emgerncy events in China.First,we started our study from the history and based on specific social situation.Then,we taked “Tianjin Explosions” on August 12 th,2015 as an example and applied content analysis,text analysis and some other methods.In this study,comparing with descriptive study,we pay more attention to comparative analysis and interactiveresearch,expecting to make a contribution to the relative theory,methods and application.First of all,we defined the basic concepts involved in this paper,including public emergency events,public opinion and opinion fields.From the perspective of field theory,we sorted out the history of the formation and development of opinion fields in China.Then we put forward that there are two opinion fields in China,i.e.the public opinion field and the official opinion field.Moreover,China's opinion fields presented some new features,such as diversification of participants and information communication channels.In the following,we studied on the current situation of the public opinion field and official opinion field,which is divided into two parts.First,we studied on the characteristics of information release by the participants of official opinon field,i.e.the government and mainstream media.Second,we studied the law of transmission in the public opinion field,both online and offline.Based on the "5W" transmission model proposed by Laswell,we established a cross-field comprehensive research system,consisting of five dimensions: subject,timeliness,channel,content,effect.Through the comparative study of the official opinion field and the public opinion field,we found that there are differences between the two opinion fields in the above dimensions.Generally speaking,the official opinion field and the public opinion field are different on time,issues and emotions.The study found that there are two interactive mechanisms between the public opinion field and offical opinion field.One is the “Reference and Response Mechanism” from the official opinion field to the public opinion field,and the other is the “Feedback and Counteraction Mechanism” from the public opinion field to the official opinion field.Finally,we summarized the challenges of public opinion guidance during public emergency events.Then we provided the strategy for public opinion guidance during public emergencies from the following aspects.First,we summed up the multiple participants of the public opinion field and official opinion field,which are the government,the media and the public.Second,we provided several feasible paths for public opinion guidance during public emergency events.Third,we constructed the public opinion early warning mechanism,the control mechanism,the interaction mechanism and the long-term repair mechanism during public emgerncy events.