| The concept of deliberative democracy has been popular worldwide since the 1980s,which fully coincides with China's long-standing practice of deliberative democracy.The socialist deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics is the unique form and unique advantage of China's socialist democracy,? which is guided by Marxist political civilization theory and is rooted in China's excellent traditional culture.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the socialist deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics constantly sums up the historical experience of the party's leadership in deliberating democracy since the democratic revolution,making deliberative democracy play a significant role in promoting the victory of the democratic revolution,establishing the People's Republic of China,smoothly restoring the national economy,completing the socialist revolution and starting the building of socialist construction in an all-round way in the historical process.China's deliberative democracy takes the Marxist political civilization theory as the guiding,which is a prominent advantage of China's deliberative democracy.The essence of Marx's theory of political civilization is to let the vast majority of people enjoy democracy.In contemporary China,there are two forms of democracy,namely,electoral democracy and deliberative democracy,which together constitute a socialist democratic political system with Chinese characteristics.Thus,Marx's thoughts on political civilization always guide the development of China's deliberative democracy.The ultimate goal of Marx's political civilization is to achieve the free and comprehensive development of human beings,which is just the ultimate value of the development of deliberative democracy.Therefore,it is the ultimate guide for the development of China's deliberative democracy.One of the greatest contributions that Marx made to the history of human thought is that it has created materialist conception of history.Marx's political civilization thought is on the basis of materialist conception of history.The materialist conception of history inherently stipulates that socialist political civilization is to realize the democracy of most people.Deliberative democracy is one of the two forms of democracy in China.Naturally,it is also to realize the democracy of the most people.Lenin inherited and developed Marx's political civilization thought,led the people to gain victory in the October Revolution,established the socialist political system,and made the theory that the people enjoy democracy become a reality.Lenin emphasized that socialist political civilization must stick to the leadership of the proletarian party and that the construction of political civilization must have legal guarantees.Lenin advocated and promoted China's first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,which was the beginning of the Chinese Communist Party's exploration of deliberative democracy.Under the guidance of Marx and Lenin's political civilization,the Chinese Communists,represented by Mao Zedong,founded the theory of new-democratic political civilization in accordance with China's national conditions,explored two forms of realization of the new-democratic political civilization,namely,the combination of electoral democracy and deliberative democracy,which is concentratedly reflected in the‘Triangular Organization' Regime during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,and pointed out that socialist political civilization is the value orientation of the development of new-democratic political civilization.These have laid a solid practical foundation for the establishment of new China through consultation and the formation of a system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC and has been passed down and developed in the process of socialist revolution and socialist construction.Since Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party,Deng Xiaoping has inherited and developed the Marxist political civilization thought and put the construction of socialist political civilization into the strategic position of realizing modernization.He pointed out that there would be no socialism without democracy and profoundly expounded that the substantive characteristics of socialist political civilization was that the people were the masters of their own country.The basic strategy of political civilization construction he designed is that it is necessary to make democracy institutionalized and legalized,which further promotes the development of deliberative democracy.Jiang Zemin clearly proposed that electoral democracy and deliberative democracy are the two forms of Chinese democracy.In the history of the development of Marxism,the concept of socialist political civilization was first put forward,promoting the institutionalization of deliberative democracy.Hu Jintao actively advocated the harmony of inter-party relations and promoted the programmatic construction of deliberative democracy,contributing a lot to the development of political civilization.Xi Jinping inherited the Marxist political civilization thoughts and the political civilization thoughts of several generations of leaders of the Chinese Communist Party,which actively promoted the building of socialist democratic politics,developed socialist political civilization.The distinctive feature is to vigorously develop deliberative democracy.Xi Jinping elaborated on the importance of developing two forms of democracy and putting the goal that the people are masters of the country into practice.He also pointed out that it is necessary to continuously strengthen the system building,program construction and practice advancement of deliberative democracy,which has achieved remarkable results.?The scientific and thorough characteristics of theory is a prominent advantage of China's deliberative democracy.The theory of Chinese deliberative democracy under the guidance of Marxist political civilization has always attached the emphasis that 'this is the democracy enjoyed by the vast majority of people,which is determined by the nature of socialist democracy'.The theoretical source of Western deliberative democracy,whether it is Athens democracy or Greek democracy or Rousseau's democratic republican theory,is the democracy of a minority.The vast majority of grassroots people are excluded from democracy.The Western theory of deliberative democracy came into being to make up for the lack of representative democracy,which is essentially to maintain capitalist democracy.This is the essential difference between the socialist deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics and the Western deliberative democracy,which is also the largest advantage of China's deliberative democracy.The socialist deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics has a profound cultural details,which is the unique advantage of China's deliberative democracy.China has its own unique cultural genes.The Chinese way of thinking and the ways and means of dealing with problems are universal and inclusive,which are determined by the nature and purpose of the Chinese Communist Party.The essence of socialist deliberative democracy is that the people carry out extensive democratic consultations about state and social affairs.The idea of 'harmony' and the idea and mode of thinking of 'harmony in diversity' embodied in the fine traditional Chinese culture have been constantly updated and developed under the new historical conditions,providing rich spiritual support and cultural deposits for the thought of socialist deliberative democracy.The profound cultural deposits of China's deliberative democracy has significant advantages compared with the Western deliberative democracy.Western deliberative democracy theory inherits the cultural traditions of Athenian democracy,ancient Greek democracy and negotiation.However,under the influence of irrational representative democracy,the traditional culture has gradually lost its former style.A theory with weak cultural base is difficult to sustain.The Marxist theory of political civilization attaches the emphasis that the proletarian party shall strengthen its leadership over political civilization.The strong leadership of the Communist Party of China is the fundamental advantage of the deliberative and orderly development of China's democratic democracy.When making a general survey of the rest of the world,although scholars have written books and set up a theory and vigorously advocated the development of deliberative democracy,so far,no ruling party of any country has actually implemented the concept of deliberative democracy in the practice of ruling,nor has it seen that the campaigner of any country used the deliberative democracy as the campaign slogan.The Communist Party of China has consistently adhered to the idea of governing for the people.After entering a new era,Xi Jinping further strengthens the ruling philosophy of taking people as the core,which not only attaches emphasis to the people's right to vote,but also attaches importance to the people's right to continue to take part in daily political life,which perfectly combines electoral democracy and deliberative democracy,vigorously advocates and continuously promotes deliberative democracy,sticks to the value center position of the people in deliberative democracy,the central position of interest and the central position of practice,and implements it throughout the entire process of party governance.The development of deliberative democracy has prompted new changes in the party's ruling style and promoted the process of national governance modernizationThe Marxist theory of political civilization attaches the emphasis that democracy must be institutionalized and legalized.The democracy without institutional and legal guarantees is difficult to sustain.The socialist deliberative democracy system and institutional advantages with Chinese characteristics are concentrated under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,which has formed a deliberative democracy that has been extensively multi-layered and institutionalized from top to bottom.This is not achieved by any country in the world.There are many advocates in foreign deliberative democracy However,since it is mainly based on the theoretical discussions,the practice and operation level is still in a state of fragmentation and its institutionalization is only partial and case-based,which lacks top-level design at the national level.China's deliberative democracy began with high-level consultations.The founding of the new China was the result of extensive consultations between the Communist Party of China and various democratic parties,non-party democrats,peoples and peoples of all walks of life,and thereby establishing the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)has become a specialized agency for deliberative democracy in China,which has enabled the high-level consultations to realize normal development.The high-level consultations mainly involve CPPCC consultations,political party consultations and NPC consultations,which has extended to provinces,cities and county.In 1987,the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China officially put forward the establishment of a social consultation system.After years of practice,social consultation has gradually become standardized and orderly.After the founding of New China in 1949,urban grassroots democracy began to be launched.After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party,with the rise of the autonomy of villagers,rural grassroots deliberative democracy has been enriched and developed in innovation.The socialist deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics has formed a deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics has formed an all-encompassing,wide-ranging,multi-tiered and institutionalized system of deliberative democracy from top to bottom and formed deliberative democracy institutional system and the procedure specification that takes the constitution law as the safeguard,takes national political system and the concrete system as the specification,and takes the policy document as support.Therefore,it has great system and institutional advantages.Recognizing and continuing to improve as well as develop the advantages of China's deliberative democracy is conducive to enhancing confidence in the path,theory,system and culture of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics. |
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