Research On Government-led Natural Disaster Relief Institutional Performance In China

China is a high-risk country with natural disasters and has been suffered from natural disasters since ancient times.The threat of natural disasters to economic and social development is also increasing.Natural disasters are not only diverse but also widely distributed.Any place where human social and economic activities are carried out will be threatened by disasters.On the whole,the resilience to disasters has been improved,but the absolute value of disaster losses has been rising due to the expansion of the economy.For a long time,the Chinese government has long been the most important subject in disaster relief activities.Only the government can mobilize many forces in the society to carry out disaster relief work to the maximum extent possible.Consequently,evaluating the performance of the government led natural disaster relief system and establishing a reasonable and effective government disaster relief institution has theoretical and practical significance.This paper uses the methods of institutional analysis and measurement empirical analysis to analyze the performance of China's disaster relief institution according to the "historical changes of institution-theoretical research-empirical analysis-countermeasure proposal ".Firstly,it analyzes the changes of before the founding of New China disaster?s relief institution from the development of government,civil disaster relief measures and government disaster relief institutions,then analyzes after the founding of New China disaster?s disaster relief institution with regard of administrative systems,laws and market economic instruments,and finds that China's natural disaster relief institution has three important characteristics: government is the overall leader,economic growth motivation is the key factor for the evolution of the disaster relief institution,and the government-led evolution model of the progressive disaster relief institution.Secondly,this paper defines the definition and evaluation criteria of the performance of disaster relief institution,and then conducts theoretical research on the impact of performance of the disaster relief institution from the three aspects of the relationship between the government and the market,the centralization of the fiscal power,the choice of the decentralization,and the legal guarantee.On the basis of theoretical research,it empirically analyzes the performance of China's disaster relief institution from three aspects: agricultural disaster insurance,fiscal rights decentralization and legal system construction.In terms of agricultural disaster insurance,a theoretical model based on Pareto optimality is constructed to analyze whether the government intervention in the agricultural insurance market has an impact on the efficiency of the disaster insurance market,and the GMM method of the step system is empirically tested with the dynamic panels in the data of 31 provinces in China from 2002 to 2017.The conclusions show that the rural natural disaster relief costs can promote the development of the agricultural insurance market,that is,risk of natural disasters in rural areas can be better dealt with,efficiency of rural disaster relief will be improved,and losses caused by disasters will be reduced through the combination of government and insurance market.In terms of the fiscal rights decentralization,the 3SLS method is adopted empirically analyze the impact of the degree of fiscal autonomy of the province on the damage caused by the disaster.The empirical results show that the relationship between the losses caused by disasters and financial autonomy presents an inverted U-shaped relationship and the critical point between losses caused by disasters and financial autonomy is 65.5%,and the critical point between the suffered d population and fiscal autonomy is 65%.When it is less than the critical point,disaster relief under the centralized system has the advantage of economies of scale,but the post-decentralization system has more advantages after the critical point is exceeded.In the aspect of legal system construction,the panel data at the provincial level was selected to empirically analyze the number of legislation and law enforcement efforts to mitigate the loss of natural disasters.The study shows that it is the most fundamental and important way to reduce the loss of natural disasters through legislative improvement,and the effective coordination of legislative response and law enforcement should be paid attention to.Finally,on the basis of theoretical and empirical research,this paper puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions,including building a disaster relief institution that combines government and market and integrates centralization and decentralization,improving the legal system for disaster relief,and building a disaster relief system in which different relief subjects participate.The innovations of this paper are as follows: Firstly,the evaluation criteria for the performance of the disaster relief institution are defined.According to the government's participation in disaster response,the evaluation criteria of the performance of the disaster relief system can be defined as the following three aspects: the government's participation in the natural disaster insurance market,decentralization of government financial power,and government legal construction affecting the performance of disaster relief system.Secondly,the performance of government-led disaster relief systems is empirically analyzed by various methods.Taking the panel data of Chinese provinces into account,the three stage least squares method is used to study the marketization process of government participation in disaster relief,and the degree of government's fiscal rights is analyzed through dynamic panel two-step system GMM method.Then,the effects of the government's legal system on the performance of the disaster relief system are analyzed by using the fixed effect model and the negative two regression models.Finally,based on the empirical analysis,this paper reveals the specific mechanism of institutional arrangements for mitigating losses caused by disasters,and improves the existing institutional arrangements for disaster relief.