The Study On The Mode And Living Contradiction Of Urban Subaltern Group

From the aspect of subaltern theory and with consideration of domestic and foreign scholars' study on subaltern issues,this study undertakes quantitative analysis of survey data and lucubration of interview material,so as to conclude the living mode,basic features and living contradiction of city subaltern group.We investigate the factors leading to contradiction with binary logistic analysis,analyze the causes of contradiction in terms of objective and subjective factors such as social structure and personal behaviors;evaluate the experience and shortcomings of current counter measures of living contradiction of subaltern group and try to build the long-acting mechanism for resolving the contradiction.Finally,on the basis of exploratory research,we try to verify relative western theories on subaltern group and give several propositional theories which adapts to the social subaltern group in China.Main conclusions include:Firstly,repetitive nature and inter-generation transmission can be found in poverty in subaltern families.They suffer from poor economic situation,low social status and exclusion from society,and sink into the comprehensively subaltern status,while economic factor is the fundamental reason for this.For the subaltern group,help from local government and community is limited,which leads to their tough situation of social discrimination,unemployment,insecure living and unbalanced social attitude.Secondly,social network for most of the subaltern groups is small.And inside the unofficial supporting network,families and relatives play more important roles.Homogeneity of members in the network impedes their effort of breaking away from subaltern group.While the official network mainly involves basic government unit on the level of street etc.Especially,autonomous organizations such as residents'committee in the community show the most important support to the subaltern group.Thirdly,some of members have certain degree of class consciousness.They strongly distinguish between "inner-group" and "outer-group",and the most obvious cognition of "outer-group" is the rich who have wealth and the officers who have power.Fourthly,the essence of the contradiction that the current urban subaltern group confronts is the issue of survive dealing with economic interests.Due to differences in subaltern individual and families,there's no concentrated and prominent factor that explains the cause of this living contradiction,neither a unified and universally applicable explaining pattern.Therefore,we can say that the subaltern situation makes the possibility of their survival difficulties and contradictions and problems increase.But it is mainly the lack of individual human capital such as education level,age,technique and health condition of the subaltern group that makes this possibility become fact.Finally,current subaltern group has different approaches to resolve the living contradiction.These approaches are either "within the system" or "outside the system".Most of the group members are highly adaptable to the living contradiction.Some of the members would rationally protect their own interest depending on specific condition of their living contradiction,and rely on the law or appeal to urban community autonomy organization and government departments.Only a few of the members choose to resist when their interest is damaged.But this kind of resistance is under the condition that they or their families cannot survive.Besides,the resistance may be not a group behavior,but just a personal protest to the government administrative departments by the way of physical resistance or behavior deviant.During the process of choosing rights defending "within the system",more than 90%of the subaltern people obtain help from the government and nearly 80%of them feel satisfied with the help.It is worth notice that this study also points out that:the less human capital subaltern group have,the more inferior they are in market competition,the lower their economic status is,the less often they take the initiative to have contact with those with relatively higher economic status,and the weaker their social network is.Less social resources of subaltern families means less support for the social movement of their children.Weaker social network means more dependence on outside support.It is more possible for those groups with lower economic status to be silent about situation and large scale group incident is less likely to happen.The life path of subaltern group has no stable pattern.They have weak class consciousness and relatively strong category consciousness,and their value and behavior have not yet become constant method and system.The living mode and behavior pattern of subaltern group are reflection of their living environment,and systematic impoverished culture or subaltern culture has not yet come into being.On this basis,future research can further explore relative western theories' ability to explain the current subaltern group in our country and try to establish theoretical model that's suitable for our subaltern fact.