Research On Indicator System Of Talented Identification For Chinese Long-Distance Swimmer Combined With Genetic Markers

Objectives:on the basis of test on China’s active duty long—distance swimmer of Morphology,Physiological function,Psychology,Quality and Special ability,combined with genetic markers to construct the Chinese long-distance swimmer talented identification indictor system.Study 1 Construct traditional talented identification indicator system of long-distance swimmer.Subjects:175 active duty long-distance swimmers(male =88,female =87).Methods:Index selection by test of the primary selection test indicators,combining with expert questionnaire,factor Analysis and linear regression analysis to determine the traditional talented identification indicator system of Chinese long-distance swimmer.Results:Traditional indicator system of talented identification contains five factors,such as Morphology,Physiological function,Psychology,Quality and technical and tactical level.Male morphologic indexes were forearm length + hand length,(weight +circumference)/height index and Lower limb A/H index;functionality were FVC,VC,VC/HT,SVI and COI;psychological indexes were decisiveness and decisiveness;sports qualities were Sit and Reach;specific sports qualities were 800 meters freestyle results,50 meters results with webbed hands and float.Female morphologic indexes were width of pelvis/intertrochanteric width index,[(shoulder breadth +intertrochanteric width)/height×2]× 100,Lower limb A/height index and Lower limb A/H;functionality were FVC,VC/HT,EDV and FS;psychological indexes were Decision-making timeliness and Difficulty tolerance;general sports qualities were Rotate shoulders and Sit and Reach;specific sports qualities were 1500 meters freestyle results and 200 meters medley.Study 2 Research on gene markers for talented identification of long-distance swimmer.Subjects and Methods:We used Flight mass spectrometry technology that included 28 genetic polymorphism(within 28 different genes)to compare the genetic profile obtained in two cohorts of 120 active duty long-distance swimmer(male =62,female-58)and 206 control people(male = 118,female = 88)of the same ethnic origin.Results:GLUT4 gene AA genotype,VEGF gene GG genotype,LPL gene AG genotype,PPP3Ca gene CG genotype,ACTN3 gene CC genotype,UCP3 gene CC genotype,KCNA7 gene AA genotype and Tf gene CC genotype can be used as candidate gene markers of talented identification.Study 3 Construct talented identification indicator system of long-distance swimmers with traditional indexes and gene markers.Subjects:100 active duty long-distance swimmer(male = 52,female= 48)and 127 control people(male = 69,female =58).Methods:Genotypes were analyzed as a recessive trait,and were entered as independent variables.The phenotype(athlete grade)was entered as dependent variable,where the swim group was coded as 1 and the control group was coded as 0(reference).The goodness of fit of the model was evaluated using Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic and its accuracy was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver-operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).The AUC represents the ability of the test to correctly classify individuals as having or not the trait" In the present study,the "trait" was considered the swim group,whereas the“control" group was ordinary people with no athletes.The relative contribution of each predictive factor(polymorphism)for predicting optimum performance that was used to constructed quantitative assessment of gene talented identification was determined by Logistic regression test.Results:Gene prediction model constructed based on a recessive genetic effect.The multivariate model combining genotypic data significantly predicted sport performance(model × 2=34.804,df=6,P=0.000,P<0.05),and variance explained by the function was 0.214(Nagelkerke’s pseudo-R2).Receiver-operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed a significant discriminating accuracy of the model,with an area under the ROC curve of 0.73(95%confidence interval:0.67-0.79,P<0.01).The contribution of the studied genetic factors to swim performance was 21.4%.Compared with traditional talented identification indicator system,the Logistic-ROC-based approach to construct the indicator system for diagnosis of active duty swimming outstanding athletes and athletes,the AUC increased from 0.76(P<0.01)to 0.85(P<0.01).