The Characteristics Of Preschool's Walking Development And Its Relationship With The Growth Of Lower Limb Morphology

Objective: In this study,the longitudinal tracking of 3.5 to 6 year old children's walking was carried out to analyze the kinematic characteristics of children's walking movements at different ages,explore the trend and law of the development of children's walking,provide a basis for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of gait,provide a reference for the objective evaluation of the development of children's walking movement,and provide a scientific design for the kindergarten physical education course.The internal relationship between the development of children's walking movement and the morphological development of the lower extremities can explain the morphological causes of the development of the children's walking movement,and provide a reference for evaluating the children's personality gait.Methods: 3.5,4.5 and 5.5 years old children were selected for three longitudinal follow-up tests,with a total of 173.Children's walking movement was got by 3D motion capture system,and the parameters such as time,space parameters,joint Angle and angular velocity were obtained.Children's height,weight,chest circumference and sitting height,lower limb length A,leg length,foot length,foot high back,thigh circumference,scarf,ankle,foot and leg feet width,pelvic width,width between the greater trochanters,knock-knee and arch were measured.A linear hybrid model was used to predict the development of children's walking motion and lower limb morphology,and the relationship between them was analyzed by stepwise regression analysis.Results: 1.Children's development of gait cycle,the proportions of the support phase,swing phase and double support phase proportion,step length,step speed and stride frequency were linear,slopes were 0.01,0.42,0.01,0.44,2.93,0.05,2.93.The standardized regression coefficient of infant step and step length was higher.2.The shape of joint angle and angular velocity curve of different ages were basically consistent when children were walking,and there were differences in the extreme values of different ages at different ages.The flexion and extension angle of hip at the moment of toe-off and heel-on,entered the regression equation of the step and angle of the lower limbs,and the regression equation of the speed and angle of the lower extremity joint.The flexion and extension angular velocity of ankle at the moment of toe-off and heel-on,entered the regression equation of the angular velocity of the lower limbs and the gait cycle.The flexion and extension angular velocity of knee at the moment of toe-off and heel-on,entered the regression equation of the angular velocity of the lower limbs and percentage of stance phase..The similarity of the hip-knee relative phase curve of the three groups was higher.The similarity of the three groups of children's knee-ankle continuous relative phase curves was lower.The similarity of the hip-ankle continuous relative phase curve of the children in the 3.5 year old group was lower.3.The growth model of the pelvis width and the width of the greater trochanters are the secondary growth model.There is a gender difference in the thigh circumference,and the other indicators are fitted into a linear model.4.Age,ankle spacing,calf length,pelvis width and thigh circumference entered regression model of step speed;Age,leg circumference,width of the rotor,the length of the calf entered the step-length regression model.Conclusion:1 Children time and space parameters of walking develop in a linear pattern.The trend of development is along with the age,the gait cycle,percentage of swing phase,step length,step velocity increasee gradually,the percentage of the support phase and double support phase and frequency decreases.The temoral parameters of children's walking are affected by the angular velocity of lower limbs.The spatial parameter is affected by the joint Angle of lower limb.2.The characteristics of children's walking: at the landing stage,ankle dorsally touch the ground,and knee joint actively buffer.The knee joint was not fully extended during the support stage.Kicking off the ground,the ankle is active to push out,and the hip joint causes knee joint flexion.In the swing stage,the anterior position of the knee is enhanced.Development characteristics of the growth of the age,contribution of knee joint increased,and contribution of hip joint reduced at the stage of heeling.Pushing off the ground,higher contribution of knee and ankle,and less hip joint contribution.the children walk by the rapid development of hip movement patterns,and the knee joint movement patterns of development in the plateau,and ankle movement patterns mature relatively late.Hip-knee coordinates development early,knee-ankle,hip-ankle coordination has not developed mature.3.Children's height,weight,height,length of lower limbs in a linear mode develop rapidly.The growth of circumference index is relatively slow and linear.The foot width develops in linear mode.and the development speed of the width of the pelvis and the width of the greater trochanters increase.With the increase of the age,the knock-knee decreases linearly,and the foot arch of the young children develop linearly.4.The development of children's walking movement was related to the development of lower limb morphology.