Research On The Construction Of Physics Experiment Course In Senior High School Based On Students' Practical Ability

China's elementary education reform aims mainly to cultivate students' practical ability,which is also the main trend of talents training around the globe.Low or inefficiency in practical area is,however,to some extent the bottleneck of in-depth reform in high school education;in the research field,not much research can be found on the interpretation of what students' practical ability constitutes,how to effectively cultivate or the contributing factors of low efficiency.In the field of physics education,the implementation of experiment courses cannot lead to obvious development of students' practical ability.This is far from what required in the physics curriculum standard.Much has to be done for a change.In terms of theoretical construction of the senior high school students' practical ability,it is defined in the present study as the stable psychological characteristics of solving practical problems in individuals,which can be justified from their practical activities.Based on existing researches and high school students' psychological competence features as well as relevant educational objectives in different countries and regions,the present study tries to construct a structural model of senior high school student's practical ability.students' practical ability constitutes,according to the model,two separate but interrelating factor clusters: general ability cluster and special ability cluster.Students' practical ability is practical,dynamic,stable,acquired,concrete,and explicit and include mainly basic practical ability,special practical ability and situation practical ability,all of which can be divided further into sub-factors.The theoretical model,which is made up of secondary factor clusters and further sub-factors,can be used as the theoretical instrument for analyzing the status quo of students' practical ability cultivation in reality.The present study also thinks that students' practical ability is developed under a supporting system,in which students' experience,professional knowledge,interest,motivation,attitude,activity,task,evaluation based guidance,practical environment and condition are basic elements.Out of its unique subject characteristics and intrinsic value,physics experiment courses has both the practical possibility and methodological credibility in cultivating students' practical ability.It has logical relevance with students' practical ability development,which means that cultivating students' practical ability through the implementation of physics experiment courses is of great significance.Based on the theoretical analysis structure and conditional supporting system,the present study develops questionnaire,interview plans as well as observation tools for probing into physics experiment courses implementation from the perspective of students' practical ability development.Through an investigation of 1249 effective responses in provincial model high school,municipal model high school and common high schools,different high schools in Gansu Provinces,good reliability and validity can be concluded from Cronbach's coefficient(0.879),KMO(0.886),Bartlett's x~2(14952.752,degree of freedom is 561,P<0.05).The measured data of the questionnaire scale are then used in the structural equation model analysis.The results shows that latent variable factors cover the main components and their condition support factors of high school students' practical ability,the measured structural model parameters of RMR?RMSEA?GFI?AGFI?NFI?RFI?IFI?TLI?CFI?x~2/df all reached the index requirements of a good theoretical model.Which means that the theoretical model of students' practical presented in this study is rational and can be used for the evaluation of students' practical ability level.Investigation shows that the current senior high school physics experiment course is not well implemented in high schools.In a college entrance examination-oriented teaching environment,teachers have low awareness of experiment teaching and sometimes experiment modules are narrowed down to something that can be neglected.Teachers can even just “explain” experiments on the blackboard,which is far away from the requirements in Curriculum Standard of Middle-school Physics.This stands right in the way of cultivating student's practice ability through physics experiment classes.Such cases exists even in better equipped high schools.Data shows an lower-middle overall level of students' practical ability and can be further developed.Students' practical ability also varies with gender and school category.A case study shows that physics experiment brings students much more than the fun of “being able to answering test questions”.It has important influence on the development of students' scientific spirit,inquiry ability,application ability,responsibility and value concept,even choice-making ability for their future major and career.Different forms of physical experiment such as classroom demonstration experiment,group experiment,low-cost physics experiments,extra-curricular science activities,etc.have different influence over students' scientific inquiry ability,application ability.Physics science activities,according to the case study,has a far-reaching influence on senior high school students' practical ability.To construct physics experiment course based students' practical ability is the main focus in this study.Clearance first has to be made on the relationship between students development and course system,students interest and initiatives,direct and indirect experience,basis and contemporaneity,academics and policy;as far as course objectives is concerned,a redefinition has to be made on educational values and functions of physics experiment courses,that is to promote comprehensively students' core literacy of high school students,to develop their practical ability,Innovation consciousness and exploring spirit;In content selection,we must optimize and reform the existing content in physics experiment courses and,on the other hand,develop low-cost,interesting and innovative activity experiments that are closely related to students' daily life;in course implementation and organization,we should build coordinated supporting system to ensure an integrative development of students' ability of knowledge and ability.promote teaching reform though the application of project experience teaching and develop new resources of experiment for students' varied learning needs;In terms of curriculum evaluation,value differences between students and pay more attention to its function of teaching objective based evaluation other than screening and selection,focus on the dynamic and generative process of curriculum implementation,use plural and people-oriented methods to evaluate the implementation of physics experiment courses and make it more suitable for students' interest and practice,which can lead to the development of students practical ability and innovative consciousness.