Research On Government Governance Mechanism Concerned The Field Of Private Higher Education In China

After the sustainable development for more than thirty years,the private higher education in China comes to the pivotal strategic pass at present,and there are unprecedented pressures for institutional mechanism innovation and comprehensively deepening reform in the process of confronting with the opportunities for development.The development of education is underwritten by the deepening structural reform.In 2010,the Ministry of Education had deliberated and approved Outline of Reform and Development for National Medium and Long-Term Education(2010-2020)to put forward the proposition of “public governance of education”,which had directly unveiled the prelude of constructing the public governance model of higher education and motivated the social forces in our country to participate in school running.The research on government governance mechanism conducted in private higher education in the context can be described as the worthy and important proposition founded in the intersection between theory and practice at the right time.From the perspective of government governance and private higher education,the paper focuses on discussing the issues,including what the governance mechanism of the administration in the field of private higher education is talking about,how the mechanism comes into being,what the status quo is and what actions can be taken by the government to govern the private higher education well.Theoretically,it works to make up for the deficiency of current theoretical research,expand the research areas of government's governance mechanism,enrich the knowledge of private higher education management and boost the prosperity of educational economy and management discipline.And in the practice,it plays an important role in guiding and understanding the practice of government governance in private higher education,improving the quality and efficiency of government services,advancing the healthy growth of private higher education and accelerating the birth of the benignant market for higher education.The government governance mechanism of private higher education refers that driven by the public interest in education,private higher education system is pushed forward actively in the way of the government attracting and exerting the forces from all sides to realize the process of good governance.The core is to build a new relationship between government and private higher education under the framework of governance,define the function limit of the government to develop private higher education and promote the organic combination between co-governance and cooperative governance of shareholders.On the basis of the acquaintance with the government governance mechanism of private higher education,the mechanism will be analyzed from two aspects including the composition and operation of government administration in the paper.And based on it,the paper will be elaborated by adopting the research methods like literature review,historical research,case study,international comparisons and interviews after it is categorized into four dimensions which are governance subject,function bearing,governance concept and administration pattern.Guided by the governance theory,the paper is to seek the development track of governance theory of administration through the comments on the theory from the distinctive experts at home and abroad,based on which,it will support the theory of government's governance mechanism in the field of private higher education.Starting from the new relationship between government and private universities in administration,the three parties comprising of government,private colleges and universities as well as society shall be determined with respect to the functions,roles and the mutual relationship between rights and obligations in the market for higher education.In that way,it has fully disclosed the governance framework,and the new changes have been taken place in the government functions,roles and management patterns,in which the government is transforming into the service-oriented government from the omnipotent government and building a bridge with private colleges and universities as partnership.Furthermore,the government will decentralize its powers and straighten out relations by means of functional organizations reform,implemented autonomy in running a school and the cultivation of intermediary agencies.Based on the preliminary determined relationship between government and private colleges and universities,it is involved in exploring the formation and evolution mechanism of the governance mechanism in private higher education with the clue of the policy change of the non-governmental higher education.The private-run high education in China has experienced four stages,including initial stage of exploration,the period of mushroom development,standard development phase and the stage for governance.And the policy characteristics of private higher education in each period are summarized,the relationship and venation between the development of private higher education and the government are clarified,and the features of government's administration about non-governmental higher education at different stages are comprehended on this basis.The equilibrium results after realizing the multi-interest game of the government's policy choice of private higher education are about mutually integrated institutional transition process induced by the compelling forces of the central government and the folk.And the paper inclines to take the process as the inductive change “from top to bottom,diffusing from center to outside”.To a great extent,private higher education does not spring up along with the policy of private higher education but itself,to power the government to keep altering and adjusting the policies of private higher education.Essentially,the process in which the governance system of private higher education keeps changing is perceived as the evolution of the relationship among stakeholders.For the sake of further learning the current situation of government's governance mechanism in private higher education field,the paper will connect the several main dimensions including governance subject,function bearing,governance concept and governance pattern from the perspective of the idea and way in which the government governs the private higher education,to reveal the fact of Chinese government's governance of private higher education.The idea of government governance is changing,and it is adhering to the new governance concept of being public-welfare private colleges and universities,recognizing profitability,guaranteeing the fairness of universities both public and private,leading the private colleges to on the aspects of connotation transformation and advancing the standard private colleges and universities.With the view of achieving a new governance concept,six governance tools,which are separately bettering the corporate governance structure of private colleges and strengthening the Party construction,enforcing the system of classified management,establishing the differentiated public financial support system,publishing the safeguard system for teacher-student rights and interests,implementing the property right of corporation,standardizing the financial system of private colleges and universities as well as improving the supervision mechanism,are selected to implement governance.It is found in the investigation of the practice of government's administration,the relationship between the government and private universities has not yet been straightened out and the effective governance mechanisms have not come into being completely.And there are still issues like dislocation,absence and offside existing in the government's management of private higher education in varying degrees,and the management organization of private higher education has not been reformed thoroughly.Moreover,the autonomous right of private school has not yet been fully liberalized,and the reform of private higher education is vastly affected by the lagging management of educational intermediary organizations.The administration has not achieved its governance goals with respect to the governance practice of private higher education,and some of the crucial bottleneck problems dwelling in the non-governmental higher education have not been addressed.The private colleges are put into the more disadvantageous position than the public universities.For some governments,they are insufficient in the judgment of the general trend of private universities,failed in presiding over the connotation transformation of private colleges and wanting in the effective monitoring mechanism to make it normative.It is the lagging current management,unsound legal system of private education,lower mutual trust between government and private universities and the weak capacities of itself that triggers the difficulties above.With the purpose of expediting and fully realizing the common development of private and public higher education as the educational strategic objective and making the good governance come true,the government-school cooperation mechanism---PPP model flexible,efficient,shared responsibility and benefit sharing are explored,which is also the breakthrough in the governance of private higher education.Finally,based on the reality of Chinese government and private higher education,“classified governance” is brought up as the approach to good governance applied in the development of private higher education of Chinese government.It shall realize fair governance pursuant to law: confirm and safeguard the common public welfare of private universities both for-profit and non-profit.The differentiated management according to schools is essential,namely adhering to the differentiated governance for the different types of private colleges.And the autonomous governance in accordance with the district is expected to control the private universities based on the local conditions.On this basis,the classified governance of private colleges is proposed the concrete measures.Firstly,the corporation property rights of civilian-run colleges and universities shall be implemented and the exit change mechanism shall be established.Secondly,it is to build the differentiated public financial aid system,broaden the financing channels and standardize financial management.Then,the idea of teacher classification shall be defined to protect the legitimate rights and interests of teachers.Lastly,it is to set up the integrated service system of government's macro management,industry organizations to provide services and the active participation of social organizations.