| When our country has entered a new era,it is becoming urgently requirement that fully improving the level of qualities in preschool teachers and then constructing a well teachers’ team that enjoy a higher level of quality and work better in children-care.In the new era,preschool teachers have encountered a higher level of working stress and faced a more complex and repetitive working environment.It is also become more important topics that how to improve preschool teachers’ resilience,mental quality and work ability to do well in the more complex and challenging preschool education.Resilience refers to the psychological characteristics of individuals facing adversity or stressful situations,threats,overcoming difficulties actively and effectively,and adapting to the environment and finally developing themselves well.It is an important aspect of preschool teachers’ psychological quality,which significantly influences their mental health and working ability.So far,three topics should be paid more attention in the domain of preschool teachers,resilience,which are clarifying its concept and structure,developing a well reliabilities and validities questionnaire,and exploring its effect and internal mechanism in preschool teachers’ work.This study will discuss the concept and construct of resilience,develop a questionnaire enjoying well psychometric characters,describe the present situation of preschool teachers,resilience,and explore its effects in preschool teachers’ work from the perspective of positive psychology.This study may be significant for the researching domain of resilience in preschool teachers and for improving higher level of psychological qualities and working abilities in preschool teachers.From the perspective of positive psychology,this study clarified the concept and construct of preschool teachers’ resilience,developed a preschool teachers’ resilient questionnaire,investigated the characteristics and influencing factors of the preschool teachers’ resilience and then explored its effect on preschool teachers’ burnout and teaching stress reactions.Firstly,this study preliminarily explored the construct of resilience in preschool teachers,based of which,developed a preschool teachers’resilience questionnaire,and tested its reliabilities and validities.Secondly,this study surveyed a large sample of preschool teachers with the self-developed questionnaire,and investigated the characters of resilience in preschool teachers and its impacting factors.Furthermore,this study explored the effect of resilience in burnout and teaching stress reactions.The first research explored the relationship between resilience and burnout in preschool teachers with a large sample psychological surveying.In this research,the correlation between resilience and burnout,the predict effect of resilience in burnout,and the moderating role of big five personality in this relationship should be paid more attentioned.The second research investigated attentional bias for teaching stress with a behavioral experiment and an eye tracking technique.Finally,the study qualitatively researched the resilience in preschool teachers,mainly considered how to improve the level of preschool teachers’ resilience.This study showed that:(1)Resilience in preschool teachers refers to a special trait for preschool teachers to directly and positively confront the difficulties in preschool teachings,effectively deal with them with the social resource and support,better adapt the need for preschool education,and develop better mental quality and ability.(2)Resilience of preschool teachers manifested a multi-level structure,which consisted eight one-order factors and three two-order factors.The two order factors included Working ability,Self-efficacy and Social support.Working ability consisted of Management ability for teachers,Self-monitoring ability and Organizational management talent;Self-efficacy included General efficacy and Personal efficacy;and Social support made up with Family support,School support and Parent support.(3)Self-developed Preschool Teachers’ Resilience Questionnaire(PTRQ)consisted of three sub-scales(Work ability,Self-efficacy and Social support)and 8 sub-factors,it included 47 items.This study showed that the self-developed PTRQ enjoyed well reliabilities and validities,and it can be used to measure the resilience in preschool teachers.(4)The level of the preschool teachers’ resilience was moderate.It showed significantly different during preschool teachers with different years old,with different teaching duration,with different educational background,with married or no married,and with different salary levels.Except these demography variables,the primarily influencing factor for resilience in preschool teachers was big five personality.This study showed that conscientiousness,extraversion and agreeableness significantly and positively predicted the level of resilience in preschool teachers.(5)Resilience showed a negative effect on burnout in preschool teachers.The resilience in preschool teachers showed negatively correlated with burnout;Working ability and Self-efficacy showed a negatively prediction on the preschool teachers’burnout.The relationship between resilience and burnout in preschool teachers was moderated by the big five personality.In this relationship,Agreeableness and Conscientiousness showed a moderating effect,with higher agreeableness and conscientiousness,the predictive effect of resilience on burnout in preschool teachers became larger.(6)Resilience showed a positive effect on preschool teachers’ teaching stress reactions.The behavioral experiment studies showed that the different resilient preschool teachers have significant and different characteristics in coping with the teaching stress:preschool teachers with higher level of resilience showed more attentional alert to teaching stress stimuli,however,preschool teachers with lower level of resilience showed attentional avoidance to teaching stress stimuli.It was significantly difference among the average fixation time,the fixation times and the regressive times of high and low resilient preschool teachers.The results of the eye movement experiment supported that the high resilient preschool teachers express that they are alert to the attention to teaching stress stimuli,but resilient preschool teachers explained that they avoid the attention to teaching stress stimuli.(7)It was an effective way to improve the resilience of the preschool teachers that cultivating the positive personality of the preschool teachers,enhancing their sense of self-efficacy,and constructing a strong social support system. |
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