Fertility Desire Of Second-child And In Fluencing Factors Of Women Of Childbearing Age In Chongqing

In response to the current imbalance in China's demographic structure,and ensuring the sustainable development of the social economy,the family planning policy has been adjusted to “the universal two-child policy”.As the national central city and the economic center of southwest China,there are still many problems in the current population development in Chongqing.The aging of the population ranks in the forefront of the country,and the total fertility rate is lower than the national average,which has a serious impact on the sustainable socio-economic development of Chongqing.If the “universal two-child” policy can exert its due effect in Chongqing,it will hopefully improve this situation.To analyze the effects of the reform of the fertility policy,and provide reference suggestions for the further improvement of the policy,this dissertation proposes the issue of the fertility desire of the second child of women of childbearing age.This study,which combines the perspectives of family planning and fertility from the perspective of family economics and sociology,as well as the empirical results of fertility desires in China,selects the three dimensional variables that affect fertility desires such as individual and child characteristics,characteristics of family economic conditions,and socio-economic development level.Using the semi-structured interview with women of childbearing age,and the data of the permanent population of Chongqing and its supplementary data conducted by the National Health and Family Planning Commission's “2017 National Survey of Fertility Status”,through SPSS 22.0descriptive analysis,chi-square test,and binary LOGISTIC regression,from three dimensions analyze the second child's fertility desire and influencing factors of women of childbearing age.Through data analysis,the ideal number of children of child-bearing women in Chongqing is mainly two children,and the desire of “both sons and daughters” iswidespread.However,the second child's willingness of child-bearing women is low,and only 28.1% of them are expected to have a second child.The effect of the two-child policy is not optimistic.In terms of gender expectations,there is no obvious preference for boys as a whole,regardless of the ideal children's gender or the sex structure of the two children.Based on the theory of “marginal child cost-utility” in family economics,we found that the purpose of giving birth to two children in Chongqing is “to help children's education and growth,to avoid the risk of losing independence” and to “use the spiritual needs of children's consumption”,"For the child's old-age security effect" mainly,and the second child's fertility will be mainly by the "direct material costs","physiological health costs" and "indirect opportunity cost" constraints.Using the cross-coincidence table and the chi-square test,the three-dimensional variables were used to analyze the differences in fertility intentions among children of different types of subjects.In terms of individual and child characteristics,the two child desire to give birth tends to increase with age,and the two child who has a higher level of education and has an only child experience has a higher desire to have a child;The boy is more willing to have a second child,but the older the second child is,the lower the willingness of the second child.In terms of family economic characteristics,the better the household economic status is,the higher the second child's fertility will be.Because the opportunity and time cost of childbirth will affect women's career development,“unemployed” women of childbearing age are more willing than“non-agricultural employment”.Two children are born;in terms of occupation type,those who have a background in government work,career stability,and economic resources are relatively more willing to have children.In terms of social background characteristics,the second child's willingness to give birth to “agricultural” household registration objects is higher than that of “urban” households;the willingness to give birth to “suburban county” regional objects and “non-metropolitan area” objects of the relatively backward social economic level is higher than that of the “urban” household register.The "city district" target and the "urban district" target are high.Although women of childbearing age in Chongqing generally have a gender structure of “one man and one woman”(92.32%),gender preference gradually returns to rationality,but there are still a few boys who prefer(1.57%).Judging from thecharacteristics of individuals and children,the phenomenon of “boy preference” exists in 40-49 years old child-bearing age subjects,subjects with low educational level(primary school and below),and older children(18 years and over)in.From the aspect of family economic characteristics,it mainly exists in households with low levels of annual income and maternity income,non-steady employment,and agriculture-based objects.From the perspective of the characteristics of the social background,it mainly exists in the “suburban county” area objects and the “agriculture” household registration objects.On the basis of the chi-square test,the results of the binary LOGISTIC regression analysis found that the age of women of childbearing age,the only child experience,the age of a child,and the difference between urban and rural areas have a significant impact on whether or not there is a desire to give birth to the two children.Therefore,it is a decision on the childbearing age in Chongqing is the main factors of women's second child's desire for birth,and the family's economic level does not play a major role in the child's second child's desire for birth.According to the results of the research on the fertility desires of women of childbearing age,this paper proposes four main suggestions.Firstly,the dissertation proposed that we should further adjust the birth policy based on the status of low fertility desires.Secondly,we should combine the birth policies to liberalize and improve the pension system and adoption regulations.Thirdly,we must improve the health service system and medical security.And actively guard against the maternal reproductive risks of the elderly;Fourth,through childcare service system and labor security,to reduce the cost of female birth.