The Study Of The Maker Curriculum Development And Practice In Primary School

In the era of innovation 2.0,which emphasizes that "everyone is the creator and everywhere is the laboratory",the new technologies such as Internet,cloud platform,open source software and hardware are deeply integrated with education.With the rapid popularity of the "Maker Movement" all over the world,the concept of "people-oriented" creation is increasingly recognized and promoted in the field of education.The cultivation of creative talents is an important responsibility and mission entrusted to education by the times.Developing Maker Education to cultivate creative talents is a suitable training mode.However,there are many problems in schools at present,such as“with technology but no curriculum,with equipment but few teachers,with space but lack of use”.Research on Maker Education without Maker Curriculum is the practice of putting the cart before the horse.Maker Curriculum is the bridge between the ideal state of Maker education and the actual state of students' creative development.Therefore,taking curriculum development as a breakthrough point to explore the implementation of Maker Education can not only help schools to understand what Maker Education is deeply but also help researchers to rethink the current implementation of Maker Education profoundly in order to promote its sustainable development.Taking subject integration as the concept of curriculum design,and design-oriented research as the methodological guidance,this study centers on the core issue: "How to design and construct the development models of Maker Curriculum in primary schools,how to further develop interdisciplinary and cohesive curriculum resources,and design teaching strategies on Maker Curriculum on this basis?" Along with the path of curriculum development model design-curriculum development-curriculum iteration implementation-curriculum effectiveness evaluation,a feasible and effective development and practice model of Maker Curriculum in primary schools is obtained in this study.Firstly,this study combs the research status at home and abroad,and points out the problems existing in the development and implementation of Maker Curriculum.Based on this,it puts forward the CEDS-OSCSIE development model in primary schools: C(core layer);E(element layer);D(development layer);S(Support layer).The core of curriculum development is refers to the cultivation of Maker literacy.The elements of curriculum development are refer to Maker space,project contents,Maker teachers,Maker students.The curriculum development follows the path of "O(curriculum objectives)-S(curriculum subjects)-C(curriculum content)-S(instructional strategies)-I(instructional implementation)-E(curriculum evaluation)".Based on development models and contents of curriculum in primary schools,this paper puts forward the goal system of Maker Curriculum,which includes "innovative consciousness,interdisciplinary knowledge system,Maker ability and Maker character";the subjects of curriculum development,which focus on “teachers,students,other groups”,and the content system of Maker Curriculum,which contains "Logic Programming,Electronic Design,Artistic Prototype and Structural Game";the models of Maker teaching strategies,which base on "problem situation-knowledge inquiry-innovative design-project production-game display-expanding extension" after three iterations of revision;the evaluation system of Maker Curriculum,which bases on "work evaluation,student performance evaluation,student self-evaluation and mutual evaluation".Based on the curriculum development model and taking the fifth grade of elementary school as an example,this study designs a Maker Curriculum system of "Children Programmer(Scratch and Life),Children Machine(Robot and Life),Children Designer(3D Printing and Life),Children Architect(Construction and Life)",which corresponds to the content of "Logic Programming,Electronic Design,Artistic Prototype and Structural Game".In order to revise the teaching strategy model,this study takes some special courses of Children Architects as examples to carry out three-round iteration teaching practice for one semester in elementary schools.To verify the effectiveness of this curriculum,the study adopts the research paradigm from vertical,horizontal,quantitative and qualitative angles.Specifically,this study adopts quantitative statistical methods such as integrating subject knowledge test,course attitude survey,creativity tendency test,etc.Qualitative analysis methods such as teacher-student interview,course record analysis,student work analysis,etc.,which comprehensively analyze the curriculum.The results show that the Maker Curriculum is helpful for students to master the knowledge of subjects,especially for expanding application and inquiring contents in experiments.The Maker Curriculum can change students' attitudes towards engineering design courses well,and good attitudes are the biggest motivation for learning.The Maker Curriculum can effectively improve students' creativity tendency and level.In addition,the Maker Curriculum helps to improve students' engineering thinking,Maker literacy,core literacy(especially the dimensions of learning to learn,practice and innovation,problem solving),report writing ability,speech ability,sense of responsibility,sense of achievement,sense of cooperation,and self-confidence etc.