Study On Russian Spirit And Moral Education

In 1990 s,drastic changes occurred in Eastern Europe.The Soviet Union collapsed,which was the first socialist country that stood in the world for more than 70 years,and the world political structure changed dramatically.Russia,as the most important successor after the disintegration of the former Soviet Union,faced a difficult transition in the political,economic,and cultural fields.In the field of education,Russia abolished ideological and political education at all levels of schools,and the phenomenon of the people's “values vacuum” on spirit and moral emerged.At the same time,the values held by various ideological trends poured into the ideology fields of Russia,and they want to become the value judging standard of the current Russian spirit and moral,which caused the “values vacuum” turn into “values conflict” quickly.The pluralistic value evaluation criteria did not make the Russians' choices “diversified”.Instead,the Russians were distracted,the country and the people were inconsistent,and even the country and the nation went to the edge of the “disintegration” again.What happened to Russia with a thousand years' history? What to do became a problem that Russians must face and ponder.On December 30,1999,the eve of the new millennium,Putin gave the final answer,that is,“Russian new thoughts”.“Russian new thoughts”is composite,whichcombine the universal values of all mankind with Russians' traditional values that tested by time,especially in combination with the values examined in the magnificent 100 years in the 20 th century...it is the premise and guarantee for Russia to become a powerful country and achieve an effective economy.”“Russian new thoughts” points out the direction for the development of Russia in thestateof new millennium,and also points out the direction for the current implementation of spirit and moral education in Russia.After years of exploration by the Russian government and the community,Russia officially promulgated Russian Citizen's Spirit and Moral Development and Concept of Moral Education(?????????? ???????-????????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????? ???????????)in 2009.It explicitly puts forward the “spirit and moral education”(???????-???????????? ??????????),the core concept of Russian contemporary “moral education”,that is,“to enable the educated to accept and master the basic national values,master thevalues of all mankind,master the Russian multi-ethnic culture,spirit and the educational organization process of moral values.” So far,Russian “spirit and moral education” has been implemented to the level of Russian schools' education practice,especially the stage of Russian primary education.Russia has made positive progress through years of “spirit and moral education” practice,and has gained recognition from the community.The presentation of Russian “spirit and moral education” has its complicated background of the times,which originated from the century transition period of Russia's life and death.Specifically,it arises from the transition period from the liberal democratic political system to the sovereign democratic political system in Russia;the transition period from the neo-liberal market economy model to the social market economy model;the transition period of ideology from Western liberal values to Russian traditional national values.In a nutshell,Russian “spirit and moral education” is an era product that has changed from “liberal” in the West to “controllable” in Russia.Russian “spirit and moral education” has its own unique cultural connotation.This cultural connotation is a Russian-style humanistic spirit and ethics.The Russian-style "spirit" connotation,that is,the “spirit” signified,the “spirit” realism,the “spirit” education,is different from Hegel's “absolute spirit” cognition,and is different from Marx's “social consciousness” interpretation,which is self-contained.Russian “moral” connotation,that is,the “moral” structure,and the “moral” foundation,is different from the Western structure of “moral”,and is different from the Eastern understanding of “moral”,which has unique Russian style.Russian“spirit and moral education” has its own unique ideological roots,which follows the value orientation,national spirit,religious culture and philosophical thinking that the Russian multi-ethnic people basically agree with.Specifically,it comes from the following four aspects: Russian eternal value orientation debate: the collision of the “Slavic” and “Western” ideas;Russian traditional national spirit:“village community consciousness”;Russian traditional religious culture:“Orthodox” and Russian classical philosophical thinking: Solovyov's “unification of all things”.The development of Russian“spirit and moral education” is closely related to the political background and the concept of governance of contemporary Russian leaders.Its development process is in four stages: the ideological transformation of Gorbachev and the return of religion to the school(1985-1991);the religious revival of Yeltsin and the autonomous attempt of Orthodox culture(1991-2000);the millennial change of Putin and the “New Thoughts” stage of moral education(2000-2008);the model of national moral education and the stage of spirit and moral education during the period of Medvedev and Putin's combination(2008-present).The above four stages are connected to each other and have the same characteristics in the differentiation.The implementation path of Russian“spirit and moral education” is mainly implemented through the main channel of school education.According to the school curriculum education dimension,it can be divided into three types: direct moral education curriculum,indirect moral education curriculum and moral education activity curriculum.Taking the primary school stage as an example,the direct moral education curriculum refers to the federally required course “Religious Culture and Secular Ethics Foundation”;the indirect moral education curriculum refers to other courses that exert the function and influence of spirit and moral education in the mission objectives of the curriculum,such as “Russian Language”,“Literary Reading”,“Mathematics”,“Surrounding World”,etc.;the moral education activity curriculum refers to courses that are displayed in a variety of forms,such as extracurricular or extracurricular activities,performances,competitions,etc.,in addition to the direct moral education curriculum and the indirect moral education curriculum.The development of the Russian “spirit andmoral education” curriculum is characterized by the transformation froma single spirit and moral direct curriculum to a full range of spirit and moral education,from a single classroom teaching to a combination of in-class and extra-curricular teaching.Advocating the national spirit and core values is of great significance in the rise and fall of the nation and the survival of the country.All nations in the world today propose and advocate the values that their nation approves in the context of globalization.The presentation and implementation of contemporary Russian “spirit and moral education” not only provides a spirit and moral home for her own people,but also provides reference for other countries and nations in the world to create paths that havetheir own characteristics,conform to their own traditions,and promote their own development.