On The Governance Of "Newly Formed" World-class University:Value,Institution And Action

To establish World-Class Universities(hereinafterWCUs)is strategic decision implemented by China’s Communisty Party and government,which has significant impact on not only enhancing both of country’s higher education level and the core competitivenessr but also laying a foundation for long-term development.Furthermore,the implementation of "Scheme Double First Class" has upgraded the setting up the WCUs into a new state strategic layer.The establishment of WCUs requires a number of factors,but one of the basic conditions is the need for "favaroable governance".In order to explore the inner formating mechanizim and drive in experiences from other country’s WCUs by achieving "favaroable governance" statu,this dissertation fucoses on the "favorable governance" of the newly formed WCUs,which includes effective integration of relations between power,rights and intrest in order to facilitate universities to achieve development goals.In recent years,the domestic top universities which are represented by C9 Alliance instituions have embarked on a brand new way of governance and the governance system have become mature.Whereas,these C9 alliance instituions still fall behind by World-Class Universieies due to a series unsolved issues in the term of university governance.In order to achieve the goal of "favorable governance",this dissertation concentrates on taking "Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites as example and analyzing the mechanism of "favaroable governance" from three critical dimeesion-"Value","Instituion" and "Action".In order to extract the critical experiences from thoese universities and facaliate optimizing university governance in Chinese top-class universities by providing most suite suggestions,this dissertation integrates using four research methods:statistical grouping,case studies,comparative analysis and normative analysis.The specific contents are as following:Firstly,consturct a theorical structure of university governance according to "social action theory".The modle consists of four dimensions of ’value’,’system’,’power’ and’culture’.The dissertation finds that in the action structure of university governance,University own value system,institutional system,power system and culture system play system integration,in the protection of university system to adapt to the situation,target and mode to maintain the function at the same time.The concept of ’value’ referst to meet the needs of governance,a rational help to guide the university governance activities and all governance behavior in order to achieve "favaorable governance" target;the concept of"system structure" refers to maintain the rights and power relations,relations,interests,internal rules structure of the stakeholders,right responsibility and benefit the effective unification;the concept of "action mode" refers to the general supervision style three aspects contribute to the realization of University action between subjects of positive interaction and effective cooperation in the decision-making,implementation and supervise.Secondly,comparing the top 100 universities and analyzing the flucatation of university ranking from 2010-2016 in order to select "Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites.The dissertation finds that the number of top 100 ranked universities f-rom three ranked system is 45 and the number of "NewlyFormd" World-Class Unviersites is 14.Maintaining the stability of the investment,the government’s macro guidance,concentrating on building-world-class university and implementing world-class university related strategic initaves may be the critical factors to promote those universities become top 100.The dissertation also finds that C9 alliance instituions have made great progress in its overall performance in the three largest rankings.Especially the performances of Tsinghua University and Peking University have already reached the entry level of world-class universities.Although there is a certain gap between the world leading universities that from UK and US,but with the support of the strategic iniatives,the academic competitiveness of C9 alliance instituions will continue to improve in the future and is expected to achieve new breakthroughs.Thirdly,analyzing the mechamism of "favorable governance" from three dimessions,it finds that establishing a shared governance relationship which is based on "contract"between universities and government;improving the judicial protection of academic freedom and maintaining the spirit of academic freedom to establish the system of academic ethics norms perfect;cultivating from the university spirit of equality,freedom,democracy,deliberative governance culture to create a harmonious atmosphere of democratic governance are core values and common characteristics within value construction of "Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites.In addition,"Newly Formed"World-Class Unviersites are still following the principles of complementarity,sharing and interaction,which are derived from the essence of University and maintaining the spirit of the university,and constantly improving the modern university governance system and improving governance capacity.In the "institutional dimension",the corporate systems of the "Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites have the following characteristics:clear positioning of the legal person nature,strong legal person power,government control and corporate autonomy and clear responsibilities and responsibilities.In the terms of internal governance system,"Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites are governed by the board of trustee and the academic board.The common characteristics of board of trustee are:multiple members constitute,clear responsibilities and perfect operation mechanism;the common characteristics of academic board embodies the member representatives of balanced distribution,clear responsibilities and perfect orgnizaitonal structure.From the interacte relationship between the board of trustee,academic board and the team which leads by chancellor,the board of trustee is the guidance of "core" on the top of the exercise of administrative decision-making,while the relevant academic affairs management and decision-making power entrusted to the Academic board,the daily administrative affairs management and the implementation of the right to the principal leaders the administrative management team,with an interaction and coordination of the relationship between the three governance body.The internal insituion of "Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites have strong academic orientation.Taking teacher management institution as an eample,the dissertation finds that the teacher employment insituiton fully embodies the legitimacy,effectiveness and democratic characteristics;the design of commission institution is based on the principles of competitiveness,fairness and motivation;The academic evaluation systems have the characteristics of emphasizing the humanized system design,following the academic evaluation contents and standards of teaching and scientific research,and flexibly evaluating the academic way.The logic stands poing of establishing "extensive participation and benefit balance" decision making system is due to The diversification of the decision-making body.In order to achieve this goal,"Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites promote the scientification and transparency of decision-making process by attracting the participation of ordinary teachers,attracting students to participate in decision-making,improving the effectiveness of decision-making implementation,and actively attracting outside school people to participate in decision-making,effectively easing conflicts and contradictions.In order to ensure the effective implementation of the decision implementation,"Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites implement a series of reform such as reducing the number of agencies,establishing an effective faculty structure and the reforming academic organization structure."Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites also are establishing a set of decision-making supervision mechanisms which includes supervision of decision making process,implementation of process supervision and implementation of effect monitoring,so that ensures multiple stakeholders can play a role in monitoring and restricting the operation of power in the process of decision making and implementation.Lastly,taking C9 alliance institutions as examples which represent Chinese top-class unviersities,the dissertation finds that the modern university governance system is establishing.The specific contents include optimizing university internal leadership system and operation mechanism,strengthening the constitution for the three aspects of the construction of the system under the guidance of the system and strengthening the democratic management and supervision mechanism.However,the following isssues still need to be solved during the progress of establishing world-class university.The first one is C9 alliance instituions deviate from the value orientation of academic utility,the lack of strong advanced governance culture full consideration;the problems between the government and the university governance boundary is fuzzy and the internal governance model,the bureaucracy and administrative means of social forces participation in university governance role is not yet fully apparent.The second issue refers to insituion which include:decision support mechanism is not perfect enough;the academic decision-making body of the working mechanism is still relatively weak.The last issues refers to decision-making process is the lack of effective democratic supervision.According to experience learned from "Newly Formed" World-Class Unviersites,this dissertation obtains the following enlightenment:university governance culture to instill mutual governance as the core of the stakeholder propaganda and culture,to perfect the system of academic freedom and create a democratic atmosphere of shared governance means such as strengthening the governance of the university through the driving force;to reshape the relationship between government and university governance pattern,means and methods,perfect the system of board of directors,institutional reform and innovation to strengthen the teacher management system of academic orientation and other ways to promote university governance;by strengthening the construction of decision-making consultation system,improve the working mechanism of academic decision-making mechanism,strengthen the decision-making process supervision and other measures to build broad participation in decision-making system and benefit balance.