Research On The Construction Path Of World-Class Universities In China From The Perspective Of World University Rankings

The "Double First Class" construction plan establishes the overall goal of building a group of world-class universities and disciplines,and points out the direction for the development of universities.However,the plan does not give world-class evaluation standards.The construction of a world-class university deserves scientific standards and evaluation systems.At present,although the ranking of world universities has been questioned,as a form of third-party evaluation of higher education,it has been widely influenced internationally.Ranking not only reflects the key characteristics of universities through indicators,but also provides a certain reference for comparison between universities through the ranking results.Through research on the ranking of world universities,finding a way to promote the construction of world-class universities in China has become an important issue that needs to be studied at this stage.Therefore,the research takes ARWU,QS and THE three well-known world university rankings as the research object,and discusses it from two aspects: ranking index system and ranking performance.First,clarify the rationality of ranking and the characteristics of the index system.In the study of the rationality of ranking,the international principle of educational institution ranking,the Berlin Principle,was introduced.The study found that the three rankings are in line with most of the principles,but there are also differences in the mission and goals of different types of colleges and universities;there is insufficient attention to the language and culture of the education system of the colleges and universities;the subjective indicator information is not transparent enough..In the correlation analysis of the top 100 universities that entered the three rankings at the same time,it was found that the three rankings are significantly related to each other,which also proves the consensus of the three rankings to the top universities to a certain extent.In the research on the characteristics of the ranking index system,it is found that the three rankings all reflect the characteristics of the university from the dimensions of talent training and scientific research,but the connotative factors such as university mission and culture are not reflected in the ranking.The study also found that the three rankings all focus on output indicators when selecting indicators,while paying more attention to the output of scientific research.Although there are not many input indicators,the input indicators all choose the input of manpower,and they are more inclined to choose the input of teachers.Secondly,systematically sort out the ranking performance of Chinese universities.The study found that the top 500 universities in China ranked as "large in number" and "steady in progress" but "post-ranked".Scientific research is the main reason for ranking progress.When comparing the gaps between Chinese universities and worldclass universities,taking into account the differences between different universities,first of all,the first-class universities in the world are divided into four categories through cluster analysis,and the Chinese universities are compared with them by classification and comparison.There are still some gaps between Tsinghua University and Peking University in the two dimensions of excellence research and internationalization compared with the top first-class world-class universities.Five colleges such as Fudan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University entered the top 200 at the same time,comparing them with the four world-class universities ranked relatively low.The research found that the scores of these five colleges and universities have their own characteristics,and some indicators have reached the four world-class universities.Level.However,based on the average index of the top 500 universities in China,it is found that China 's universities only excel in the social service dimension;the three indicators of talent training are more than 20 points away from the four worldclass universities;basic scientific research appears in scientific research.The index score is high,the phenomenon of excellent scientific research index is low;in the aspect of internationalization,the index score is generally low,and it is also found that the ability of Chinese universities to absorb international teachers is much higher than the ability to absorb international students.Finally,through thinking about the ranking index system and the analysis of the ranking performance of China 's colleges and universities,the study believes that China 's colleges and universities should look at the ranking rationally and clarify the direction of efforts;optimize the discipline structure,strengthen the superior characteristics of disciplines;adhere to Chinese characteristics,attach importance to cultural heritage innovation;Talent training,strengthen the construction of the faculty;attach importance to excellent research,optimize the performance evaluation of scientific research;cultivate an international perspective,and comprehensively enhance the level of internationalization to promote the construction of world-class universities.