A Comparative Study Of Higher Education Service Trade Among China,the United States And Australia

The continuous in-depth economic globalization has greatly promoted the development of higher education service trade and promoted the increasingly frequent international educational exchange activities,making education service trade become the fastest growing proportion of service trade categories,which has made a huge contribution to promoting the growth of the national economy.Among all the types of international service trade,education service trade is the fifth category,which it is also one of the important components of the General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS).As for the United States and Australia,etc.,education service trade plays an important part in the national economy.Although the education services have certain public product attributes,many countries have shown a positive and open attitude in GATS's commitment on education services.At the same time,global trade liberalization has continuously increased the demands for talents with cross-cultural learning experiences,and has played a positive role in promoting the development of higher education service trade.Currently,the development pattern of the world's higher education service trade is divided into three levels.The first level is the traditional education service trade powers,which are mainly concentrated in the United States,Britain,Germany,France and other European and American economic developed countries.Among these countries,the United States ranks first;the second level is the up-rising star of education service trade,such as Australia,New Zealand,Singapore and other countries,and these countries make use of the advantages of late-mover advantages,so the development increases of higher education service trade are larger;the third level is the developing countries with rapid economic development in recent years,such as China,India,Russia and other “BRIC” countries,which are the world's most important import market for education services.This paper conducts comparative study on the trade in higher education services among China,the United States and Australia.Through analyzing the evolution of higher education service trade in these three countries,the motivation,current situation and prospects of higher education service trade development at different stages of development are summarized.And through the analysis of the competitiveness and influencing factors of higher education service trade in the three countries of China,the United States and Australia,this paper explores the causes of the competitiveness of higher education service trade,learns from the successful experience of the development of higher education service trade between the United States and Australia,and proposes countermeasures on the development of trade in higher education in China.According to the research ideas of this paper,the research contents are divided into the following seven parts:The first chapter puts forward the research problems and research significance of this paper.Through the combing of the status quo of Chinese and foreign research,this paper proposes the research ideas,contents and methods of this paper and proposes the innovation and inadequacies of theThe second chapter is the theoretical basis of higher education service trade,which analyzes the theoretical basis used or involved in this paper,including absolute superiority theory,comparative advantage theory,national competitive advantage theory,higher education globalization and human capital theory,higher education service trade theory,etc.The third chapter is the influence of GATS on the trade of higher education services,which focuses on the relevant provisions of GATS on trade in education services,the disputes on trade in education services in GATS,and the development of trade in higher education services under the influence of GATS.The fourth chapter is the development history and comparison of higher education service trade among China,the United States and Australia,which mainly compares the development history of higher education service trade among China,the United States and Australia,and compares as well as analyzes the policies,products and methods of higher education service trade.The trade in higher education services in the three countries have different and similar points.The fifth chapter conducts an analysis on the competitiveness of China,the United States and Australia's higher education service trade,which starts from the index selection,index comparison and comprehensive competitiveness index,and compares and analyzes the similarities and differences of the competitiveness of higher education service trade and the advantages and disadvantages of the three countries in an empirical way.The sixth chapter is a comparative analysis on the influencing factors of the competitiveness of higher education service trade among China,the United States and Australia.Firstly,it conducts an analysis on the degree of association of factors that may influence China's education service trade.Next,it analyzes the similarities and differences of the three countries from factors such as production factors,demand factors,organizational strategy and structure,relevant and supporting industries,government factors,and opportunity factors.The seventh chapter is the enlightenment and countermeasures of China's higher education service trade,which analyzes the enlightenment and countermeasures of the developed higher education service trade concept of the United States and Australia from the four aspects of ideological concepts,government,colleges as well as universities and the society to China's future higher education service trade.Through analysis,it can be found that there are many factors that can lead to the world pattern of higher education service trade,such as economic strength,policy environment,education quality,and geographical factors.The United States is the largest export market for higher education service trade in the world.In the past decades,the trade surplus of education services in the United States have been very large,and the inflow of a large number of high-end talents has laid a solid human resource foundation for the economic and social development of the United States.Australia is the country with the fastest growth in service trade of higher education.The higher education service trade has become the country's third largest export industry,and Australia's higher education service trade can be developed mainly for the reason that the country highly values the overall strategic planning and systematic policy support.At the present stage,the development speed of China's higher education service trade is also become faster and faster,and the international market share is also gradually increasing,which is closely related to China's economic and social development and the improvement of the level of opening up in recent years.As the share of the export of higher education services in the United States and Australia in the international market has shown a shrunk trend,it has gradually formed a situation in which all countries in the world participate and compete with each other.This is a huge development opportunity for China's higher education service trade.Therefore,China must grasp the development opportunities firmly and take effective measures so as to continuously achieve the healthy and sustainable development of China's higher education service trade.