Study On Social Capital,Labor Mobility And Multi-dimensional Poverty Of Rural Households

Since the reform and opening up with the transformation of China's economic development system,the income level of rural residents has continued to increase,the number of rural poor in the country has decreased significantly,and the incidence of poverty has continued to decrease,laying a solid foundation for winning the battle against poverty and building a well-off society in an all-round way.In the decisive stage of poverty alleviation,China's poor population is mainly concentrated in a series of deeply impoverished areas such as the extremely poor areas,the old revolutionary areas,and the “three states and three regions”.The ecological environment is fragile,the economic foundation is poor,the degree of poverty is deep,and poverty reduction is difficult.The problems of poverty due to studies,disability,and disasters are prominent,and the living environment of the people is serious.It is a concentrated area and deep-water area for the poor.Poverty of rural households is not only reflected in the income dimension,but also the phenomenon of multi-welfare poverty such as education,health and living standards,which has gradually become the focus and difficulty of targeted poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation.Through combing and analyzing the existing relevant literature,it is found that social capital and labor mobility play a vital role in alleviating the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers.Social capital can promote information transmission and sharing,financial lending and labor migration,etc.,and labor mobility will be intuitive.To raise the wage level of migrant workers,thereby improving the welfare of farmers' families,and preventing farmers from falling into multi-dimensional poverty.Therefore,it is of great academic value and practical significance to study the influencing factors of multi-dimensional poverty of farmers from the perspective of social capital and labor mobility,in order to provide reference for the formulation of precise poverty alleviation policies in the new period,to improve labor mobility policies and enhance social capital poverty reduction effects.Based on relevant theories such as social capital theory,labor mobility theory,and multi-dimensional poverty theory for farmers,based on a systematic review and analysis of existing literature and research results at home and abroad,micro-survey data from 646 farmers in Qinba mountainou areas in a series of extremely poor areas as an example,measure the degree of multi-dimensional poverty of farmers from the dimensions of income,education,health and living standards,and explore the influencing factors of multi-dimensional poverty of farmers from the perspective of social capital and labor mobility.Firstly,a multi-dimensional poverty index evaluation system for farmers was constructed,and AF method was used to measure and decompose the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers.Calculate the single-dimensional poverty level,multi-dimensional poverty level and multi-dimensional poverty index contribution rate of the farmers.Secondly,used the factor analysis method,Probit model,Methods and models such as Preference Score Matching(PSM),Logistic Intermediate Effect,and IV-Probit have empirically tested the impact of social capital on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,the impact of labor migration on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,and labor mobility in the process of social capital affecting multi-dimensional poverty of rural households.Finally,on the basis of empirical analysis,we propose policy recommendations to alleviate multi-dimensional poverty among farmers,and analyze the relative poverty trends and characteristics of the post-2020 poverty era,with a view to enriching existing theories of multi-dimensional poverty based on theories for the country.The implementation of the strategy of village rejuvenation,the establishment of a well-off society in an all-round way,and other poverty-stricken areas of similarly deep poverty areas provide practical reference and decision-making basis.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)It is sorted out the course of rural poverty alleviation and policy evolution,and finding that China's rural areas have successively experienced relief poverty reduction,system reform poverty reduction,large-scale development poverty reduction,comprehensive development poverty reduction,participatory poverty reduction,and precision poverty reduction.At this stage,the rural poor population has decreased significantly,the infrastructure has improved significantly,rural basic public services and social security have been comprehensively improved,the income level of rural residents has continued to improve,living conditions have continued to improve,and significant progress has been made in poverty alleviation.At present,there are still has per capita disposable income and per capita consumption of rural residents,low education level of farmers,poor quality of life,weak family assets and deviations in policy implementation in Qinba mountainou areas.(2)Farmers have different levels of poverty in terms of income,education,health and living conditions in Qinba mountainous areas,farmers mainly have higher poverty rates in the four indicators of toilet type,cooking fuel,years of education and disease,after analyzed the types of farmer from provinces,counties,and different levels.The conclusions are consistent.When k=3,the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty among farmer households is 0.930 in the Qinba mountainou areas,and the multi-dimensional poverty intensity index and multi-dimensional poverty index are 0.421 and 0.352 respectively,which are higher than the national average,and the multi-dimensional poverty levels and indicators of farmers in each province are consistent with the overall.After decomposing the multidimensional poverty index of farmers,it was found that the income and education years contributed the most to the multidimensional poverty index of farmers;the contribution rate of school-age children,school,housing,drinking water and household assets to the multi-dimensional poverty index increased as the dimension increased improve.Overall,the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers in the Qinba mountainou areas is more serious and the poverty level is deeper.(3)It is constructed an index dimension system of farmers' social capital,divided social capital into dimensions of social network,social trust,social prestige,and social participation,measured and analyzed the characteristics of farmers' social capital.It is found that farmers have different social categories and dimensions.There are significant differences in capital characteristics.Social capital has a significant negative impact on multi-dimensional poverty of farmers.When the dimension increases from three-dimensional poverty to six-dimensional poverty,social capital has a significant negative impact on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,but the degree of impact is different.Social capital has no significant impact on the seven-dimensional poverty and eight-dimensional poverty of farmers.In the dimension of social capital,social networks and social participation have a significant negative impact on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,social trust has no significant effect on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,and social prestige has a negative impact on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,but not significantly.In general,social capital can significantly reduce the probability of farmers falling into multi-dimensional poverty and pass the robustness test.Among the controlled variables,head's of household marriage,labor shortage,and traffic conditions all have a significant negative impact on the multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,and the distance to the county seat has a significant positive effect on the multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,indicating that head characteristics,family characteristics,and village characteristics affect farm households.(4)An analysis of the labor flow situation of the sample farm households in the Qinba mountainou areas found that the labor flow situation of different provinces and different types of farm households is significantly different.Migrant farmers and non-migrant farmers also have characteristics of household head characteristics,family characteristics,social capital,and village characteristics.There are obvious differences.Constructed a PSM model to empirically analyze the poverty reduction effect of labor mobility,and used a variety of matching methods.It is showed that labor mobility has a significant negative impact on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,and has a significant poverty reduction effect.Labor migration has been a way out of poverty in poor areas.It is an important means for farmers to obtain non-agricultural income by going out to work,raise the level of income and wages,improve farmers' family welfare,and effectively avoid the occurrence of multi-dimensional poverty.(5)Empirical test of the impact of social capital on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,and found that social capital has a significant negative impact on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households,and social networks and social participation in the dimension of social capital also have a significant negative impact on multi-dimensional poverty of rural households.It shows that social capital has obvious poverty reduction effects.The empirical test of the impact of social capital on labor mobility found that the total social capital indicators and dimensions of social capital have a significant positive impact on the labor flow of rural households.The improvement of social capital helps to promote the labor mobility of rural households in the Qinba mountainous areas.The empirical test of the impact of labor mobility on multi-dimensional poverty of farmers,the results showed that labor mobility has a significant poverty reduction effect.It is analyzed the mediating effect of labor mobility on social capital affecting multi-dimensional poverty of rural households and found that there is a mediating effect of labor mobility in the process of social capital affecting rural multi-dimensional poverty;there is a negative mediating effect of labor mobility on social networks affecting rural multi-dimensional poverty.There is a negative intermediary effect of labor mobility in the process of social trust affecting multi-dimensional poverty of farmers.There is a negative intermediary effect of labor mobility in the process of social prestige affecting multi-dimensional poverty of farmers.