A Study For Reform Of Contemporary Russian Basic Physics Education

The contemporary Russian basic physics education is either different from Western Europe or America.Instead,it has its own development characteristics.Paying attention to the development progress of Russian basic physics education reform,clarifying its reform thinking and analyzing its reform characteristics can open another door that is different from the policy of “borrowing the European and American experience to develop ourselves” so as to deepen the reform in basic physics education in our country.This research takes AD 1993 as the dividing point.On the one hand,it teases the reform and development process of Russian basic physics education of the time.On the other hand,it gives a vertical comparison and analysis of the standards and syllabus issued by Russia at different stages.Meanwhile,it generally describes the teaching implementation,textbook and curriculum assessment.The research uses the research method entirety----part to outline the overall process of its reform process and then gets the concrete characteristics of the reform so as to further illustrate efficiency of reform in contemporary Russian basic physics education.In the thesis,the research is conducted mainly applying documentary method with the help of the interviewing method.Firstly,through teasing documents,the author has a good understanding of the Russian social,political and educational background and gets three educational theories that have dominant influences on its basic education reform.On the basis of this,the author constructs the theoretical framework of Russian basic education reform at the developmental stage taking 4 standards as the basis.Secondly,through unscrambling documents,the author vertically compares the policy document of the national level including 4 standards and 9 editions of domestic teaching syllabus.Meanwhile,through using semi-structured interviewing technique,the author interviews 3 famous Russian experts of physics teaching methodology(all of them once participated in compiling the National Educational Standards for Physics)and has a detailed understanding of the standard,formation of programme,process of compiling and the development situation.Then through document analysis,the author generally summarizes the textbook compiling,teaching implementation and course assessment.Meanwhile,depending on semi-structured interviewing technique,the author interviews 2 Russian middle school physics teachers and 30 college students from Moscow National Normal University to concretely learn about the real situation of Russian middle school physics teaching.Through the research process above,the development process and reform characteristics of reform in Russian basic physics education are as follows:1.The reform and development process of Russian basic physics education can be divided into 4 stages,namely,exploratory stage(1993——1997),developmental stage(1998——2003),mature stage(2004——2009)and consolidation stage(2010——now);2.The parallel mode “standard+syllabus” is the policy feature of reform in Russian basic physics education.In 1992,Russia issued Education Act and promoted National Educational Standards.It brought in the curriculum policy and system of western countries but never canceled syllabus,which shows that Russia sticks to the fine traditions of its own education;3.In compiling middle school physics textbook,it applies the policy “multi-edition with a common aim”,which allows one publishing house to publish and issue several or a single textbook.This shows Russian flexibility when making policy on compiling textbook.The textbook compiled pays much attention to the methodology education of cognitive science and lays great significance to the contributions of native scientists to physics,which shows that in making policy of compiling textbook,although Russia borrows western experience,it still takes keeping the fine traditions of its own as the majority.4.In the teaching implementation of Russian basic education reform,it applies the teaching policy that lays great emphasis on professions and proposes to cultivate students' “universal learning activities” in “activity teaching”.In this,activity teaching shows Russian attention to “practice” when borrowing western teaching experience.However,“activity teaching” and “universal learning activities” are the Russian local concepts of educational psychology.Russia uses the local theories of educational psychology to solve its educational problems,which shows that Russia lays emphasis on national confidence and bases this on the nation when borrowing western successful experience.5.For the course assessment of contemporary middle school physics,the national fundamental examination and unified text are set on the national level.It mainly borrows the examination experience of our country and Kazakhstan.The examination paper borrows experience from the standard examination of several countries,especially SAT from America.On the school level,the examination applies a traditionally comprehensive assessment method that combines oral test,written examination and experimental operation together.Judging from the assessment method of Russian middle physics,it not only borrows the experience of western and other countries,it also preserves its own fine traditions.Through a deep and systematic research on the development course and reform characteristics of Russian basic physics education reform,the following conclusions are achieved:1.Generally speaking,although Russian basic physics education reform borrows the policy and system of some western countries,it still takes keeping its own educational traditions as the majority and has bright national characteristics.2.Judging from the effect of the reform,Russian basic physics education reform is gradually prospering on a progressive road.From the examination result of TIMSS and PISA,we can find that the rank of Russia is going up increasingly,which shows that Russian basic physics education reform has achieved a lot.However,the theory of physics education in the Soviet Union that pays much attention to theory than practice and the principle of highly difficult textbook are still difficult to change.Through an overall revision of reform in Russian basic physics education in contemporary era,we can get four suggestions.A uniform space for basic physics education reform needs to be built and the reform policy and reform implementation should be unified;we can borrow successful experience from the parallel mode“standard+syllabus” and compile some auxiliary document which is similar to Russian “syllabus” and is high performance,we should also thin the standards so as to make it beneficial to the efficient implementation of the reform;The assessment method “begin with the end” can be applied to cultivate students' “core competence”;the assessment of physics course should combine oral test,written examination and experimental operation together.