Multidimensional Poverty,Inequality And Anti-poverty Performance Evaluation

Getting a clear understanding of the current situation of poverty in China,we should not only see the poor family facing a low income,but also recognize the reality of multidimensional poverty they suffer deprivation in the aspects of education,nutrition and health,health care,employment,housing and the quality of life in the new period of time.Compared with the traditional income poverty,multidimensional poverty has the good properties of identifying the type of poverty and determining the cause of poverty.Income is only the final results by monetary,and unable to reflex main information about poor family suffering from poverty and deprivation in welfare.From a multidimensional perspective to identify and measure poverty is meeting the goal of targeted approach to alleviating poverty during the new era.The results show that,there is a gap between the reality of China's poverty and the development of anti-poverty.The current national poverty standard is still the lowest income standards for the poor to identify and determine the poor out of poverty.However,the goals of anti-poverty policy are based on multi-dimensional welfare standards,such as two worries,and three guarantees social security tasks.In the real cause of poverty,low education,disease,disability,no technical,no ability to work,insufficient development ability and other reasons has become the main cause of poverty.Therefore,it is very difficult to be precise and effective to identify the poor or vote for who is out of poverty,the effectiveness of the work of poverty alleviation and the policy of anti-poverty is naturally affected.The quality of poverty alleviation and the ability to get rid of poverty is difficult to be guaranteed.Those are the reality of poverty families facing in China,especially in rural areas.Income poverty is only a reflection of the living condition of the poor families,but there is an ability gap and opportunity inequality led to the multidimensional poverty,and to be the essential causes of poverty over a long period of time.According to the theory of poverty,poverty has many attributes,such as relativity,multidimensional and dynamic.The "multi dimension" reflects the cause of poverty and its classification,while the "dynamic" describes the duration of poverty from the aspects of time and space.In view of this,using Alkire and Foster's multidimensional poverty measurement and Foster 's duration method,this paper constructs the chronic multidimensional poverty index and average poverty duration index analyses China's Chronic multidimensional poverty incidence from both static and dynamic perspectives,and then the study of multidimensional poverty is extended to the dynamic field of the period.Obviously,this paper expands the theory and method of multidimensional poverty index,and in line with the traditional theory of poverty and axiom standard,and meet the dual attributes of poverty both multidimensional and dynamic.In the empirical aspects,this paper combines the latest trends of the current research on poverty,and analyzes the transformation of the state of multidimensional poverty and its causes in China.Using China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)data,explores the causes of multidimensional poverty,the duration of poverty and its inequality in China by multi-level regression model,such as multi-level linear model and multi-level Logit model.Meanwhile,using the DID method,PSM method and PSM-DID method,we evaluate the policy poverty reduction effects of public finance transfer payment and New Rural Cooperative Medical System(NCMS),and probe into the long-term effect of the allocation efficiency of the anti-poverty funds and the social security poverty on poverty alleviation.The results show that,firstly,family poverty is mainly caused by non-monetary welfare poverty,and the quality of life is significantly improved,and the basic goals of reduction of poverty has achieved,such as two worries,and three guarantees social security tasks.However,the issue of poor education and disease led to poverty is still serious,and education poverty,health poverty and poverty of medical service have become the main contributing factors to the chronic multidimensional poverty.The proportion of transient multidimensional poverty is very high,and it is mainly concentrated in Henan,Guizhou and Guangxi and other backward areas.Those poverty families are high poverty vulnerability,and escaping from poverty returning poor are common.If the chronic multidimensional poverty is not timely overcome poverty or guard against becoming poor again,it is easy to fall into persistent multidimensional poverty.Secondly,the chronic multidimensional poverty and the incidence rate of poverty in rural is more serious than that in urban,but it shows a significant narrowing trend.Meanwhile,there is a big poverty difference among different regions.Thirdly,from the perspective of causes of poverty,factors of family characteristics,interpersonal relation,the number of elderly and children,the proportion of female and size of population have a significant impact on chronic multidimensional poverty and its inequality.Fourthly,the reform of rural system increases household income and reduces the incidence of income poverty,thus easing the problem of rural extreme poverty.This can be see obviously in the early stage of national poverty alleviation and development,and poverty reduction through development projects has greatly alleviated the problem of poverty in rural areas.Fifthly,the effect of poverty alleviation is obvious through fiscal transfer payment,but fiscal transfer payment has little long-term effect on the incidence of poverty rate and its inequality.Sixthly,the NCMS has a short-term policy effect,but it does not have any long-term effect on poverty reduction in rural.Moreover,the NCMS increased the cost of additional medical expenses in rural.As we can see the longer the duration of poverty in poor families,the weaker effect on poverty alleviation.Additionally,this paper consists of two major aspects,one is the issue of building chronic multidimensional poverty index and analyzing cause of poverty,the other is to evaluate the policy effect on anti-poverty development performance based on the identified poor families.Based on above analysis,this paper puts forward to construct a multidimensional poverty system with Chinese characteristics,which is combined with the current development trend of international multidimensional poverty research and keeping a foothold the present "China model" in China's anti-poverty development.Last but not the least,the conclusion of this study implies,the poverty alleviation goals to achieve all rural poverty-stricken population out of poverty,poor counties all Zhaimao,overall regional poverty basically been solved,while China's anti-poverty tasks do not end.In contrast,the aim of anti-poverty development needs to adjust the mission and direction.Anti-poverty work should transform from absolute poverty to relative poverty,from income poverty to multidimensional welfare poverty,from static poverty to dynamic poverty,especial to intergenerational transmission of poverty.At the same time,the task and target of poverty alleviation should be adjusted according from the survival standard of low income to the ability of development as the goal,and pay more attention to the welfare level of poor families in education,skills,housing security,health,etc.Meanwhile,on the one hand,we should focus on the issue of poverty in rural.On the other hand,we also ought to pay attention to urban poverty,especial those fell into a persistent multidimensional poverty in urban China.