| Poverty,as a problem accompanying with human society,has long been the focus of academic attention,and anti poverty is the long-term focus of the party and the state in leading the people’s revolution and building socialism.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago,especially since the reform and opening up,China’s anti-poverty work has gotten great achievements.Nearly 90% of the total population has been lifted out of poverty;the income level of urban and rural families has been continuously increased,and people’s living standards have been considerably improved.However,there are still some problems in China’s anti-poverty work.First of all,there are still absolute poor people in rural areas,and the focus of poverty alleviation work has been mainly in rural areas for a long time.The poverty line,as the main indicator of poverty identification and poverty alleviation,has been formulated on the basis of the income and consumption level of rural areas.Secondly,in recent years,China’s relative income gap has been widening,and the level of income inequality has increased.As a result,the absolute poverty population determined by the poverty line has been decreasing,while the relative poverty population is increasing.Every time the poverty line is adjusted,the poverty population will increase accordingly.Therefore,how to establish a stable and comprehensive poverty identification standard is the key to further promoting the anti-poverty work.However,the current understanding of poverty in China mainly focuses on the fact that the income level of the poor families is lower than the poverty line,the poor families and some families whose income is higher than the poverty line are in a multi-dimensional poverty state in terms of education,health,social security,employment,housing and quality of life.Compared with the traditional income poverty theory,the multi-dimensional poverty theory can more comprehensively reflect the poverty situation of families.Income poverty,as the most widely used concept in research and anti-poverty,can not reflect the degree of deprivation of welfare of poor families and the internal causes of family poverty.Therefore,identifying and measuring poverty from a multi-dimensional perspective,combining multi-dimensional poverty with targeted poverty alleviation,is a reliable way to further promote targeted poverty alleviation and ultimately achieve the sustainable development of urban and rural families.Based on the research of the literature and related theories of poverty research,combined with the great achievements in anti-poverty since the reform and opening up,this paper finds that there is a serious dislocation between the poverty situation,anti-poverty achievements and poverty recognition standards in China,and this dislocation leads to the great defects in the prevention of poverty return.The standard of poverty identification in China has always been based on whether the per capita net income,but anti-poverty policies are carried out from multiple dimensions such as income,education,social security,etc.At the same time,causes of family poverty are mainly caused by many factors such as illness,unemployment,low education level,social security and so on.Since the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation,due to the focus on the cultivation of family development ability,the poverty exit standard includes not only the poverty exit standard on income,but also poverty exit standards on health,education and social security of family members.However,due to the simplification of the criteria for determining poverty,the groups that are temporarily not poor in the income dimension but poor in other dimensions cannot be identified as poverty,and they will not enjoy the Poverty Alleviation Policies.Therefore,there is an obvious dislocation between poverty identification,poverty withdrawal and poverty policy,which has a significant negative impact on the effectiveness and accuracy of China’s anti-poverty policy.Even for families identified as poor,their long-term development ability is difficult to be guaranteed.On the other hand,income poverty can only reflect the current income and consumption situation of poor families,but the real cause of poverty is the inequality of family development ability and opportunity.The main data used in this paper is the China Household Persue survey(CFPS),and uses the current AF method to measure the multi-dimensional poverty situation of urban and rural households from the static and long-term perspectives.The findings indicate that on the one hand,the current multi-dimensional poverty level of Chinese households has declined,but the speed of poverty reduction has slowed down.On the other hand,the multi-dimensional poverty situation of urban and rural households are quite different,with the deeper degree of multi-dimensional poverty of rural families is deeper.From the empirical aspect,this paper combines the main content of current anti-poverty research and multi-dimensional poverty theory,and finds out the role of infrastructure construction in reducing multi-dimensional poverty and,and studies the poverty reduction effect of social capital.Finally,it extends multi-dimensional poverty to a certain extent.By studying the relationship between multi-dimensional poverty and asset poverty,it points out that the asset dimension should be included in multi-dimensional poverty.The main findings of this paper are as follows: first,accurate poverty alleviation is a further summary of the theory of poverty in Marx doctrine and Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.It is the distillation of China’s anti-poverty practice and the experience and lessons of Chairman Xi Jinping’s own anti-poverty work.Meanwhile,the targeted poverty alleviation practice has made remarkable achievements in the process of anti-poverty in rural China.The theory and practice of targeted poverty alleviation still face the dislocation between poverty recognition,poverty withdrawal and Poverty Alleviation Policies;secondly,the incidence and average deprivation of Multidimensional Poverty of urban and rural families in China continued to decline from 2010 to 2016,but the decline rate slowed down,followed by the critical stage in poverty alleviation.Although the situation of Multidimensional Poverty in rural areas has been greatly improved,there are many rural families whose degree of dimension poverty is still much higher than that of urban families.Thirdly,this paper discusses the anti-poverty effect of infrastructure construction on Multidimensional Poverty.By using the least square method and instrumental variable method,it is found that infrastructure construction plays an important role in the anti-poverty of Multidimensional Poverty of urban and rural families,especially the construction of roads,tap water and mobile signals,which can all contribute remarkably tohe anti-poverty production.At the same time,infrastructure anti-poverty can be a lasting period,the longer the time is,the more significant the anti-poverty effect will be;fourthly,this paper also finds that the family social capital status has an anti-poverty effect on multi-dimensional poverty,and it points out that the family social capital status has an important role in multi-dimensional poverty and anti-poverty,and finds that the more social capital the family has,the better a family can significantly increase the financial availability and human capital investment of the family,so as to promote the family out of multi-dimensional poverty;finally,through the study of the relationship between family asset poverty and multi-dimensional poverty,we find that there is a static and dynamic double deviation between these two.Furthermore,it is found that the higher the level of family assets,especially the level of family liquidity assets,the higher the possibility of multi-dimensional poverty alleviation the family has.Generally,the main content of this paper includes two aspects: one is the combination of Multidimensional Poverty Theory and targeted poverty alleviation thought and practice;the other is how to reduce the incidence of Multidimensional Poverty and the average degree of deprivation of urban and rural families.Based on the above two aspects of research content,this paper holds that after the goal of poverty alleviation of all rural poor people,removal of all poverty-stricken counties,and basically solving overall poverty in contiguous poverty-stricken areas is achieved in 2020,China’s poverty alleviation work is not finished,instead,it needs to timely change the identification,measurement standards and anti-poverty goals of targeted poverty alleviation work.While continuing to pay attention to rural families,we should also attach importance to the anti-poverty of urban families.Meanwhile,we need to combine multi-dimensional poverty theory with targeted poverty alleviation to enhance the development ability of families and improve the situation that families may fall into poverty due to "unequal opportunities".Of course,there are also some shortcomings in this paper,mainly about the lack of more comprehensive data,so it is impossible to study the anti-poverty effect of anti-poverty policies on long-term multi-dimensional poverty. |
PDF Full Text Request