Research On The Impact Of Farmland Transfer On Household Resources Allocation And Income

Land transfer is not only an important way to realize scaled-up agricultural operations and promote agricultural modernization,but also an important way for households to allocate resources in pursuit of their own utility optimization.Over the past decade,the land transfer market in rural China has developed rapidly under the active promotion of central and local policies.By the end of 2016,more than 35 percent of household contracted land had been transferred on a national scale,and nearly 30 percent of households had transferred the farmland they contracted.Such a large-scale land transfer will inevitably affect the resource allocation of rural households,and then affect the income level and income inequality of rural households.Under this circumstance,this dissertation is dedicated to answer three questions.Firstly,has the current land transfer optimize the allocation of land resource?Has the households with higher agricultural production capacity could get more lands through participate in land transfer market?Secondly,the land markets are not mature in most of China,the land transfer demand of some households still cannot be met,what impact will have for these famers' labor resources allocation and productivity ratio?Thirdly,what is the effect of the land transfer to household income?Has the effect exist different influence on different income level households,will this new land system increase or decrease income inequality?This dissertation uses the RCRE dataset in 2015 and the supplementary investigation data conducted by China agricultural university.In this dissertation,a large number of econometric methods are used to evaluate and analyze the above household questions.Through the research,the following main conclusions are obtained:Firstly,the current land transfer market has generally performed the allocation function of transferring farmland to more efficient households and has significantly improved the agricultural production level of these households.By participating in land transfer market,the households with high production capacity could be able to have the opportunity to gain more land from market to match their production capacity which contributes to improve households cultivated land allocation efficiency.By further estimating the yield of production of the households who transferred in land,it shows that the output of these households has achieved remarkable growth that increase around 67%.Secondly,the development of land transfer market will play an important role in promoting the transfer of household labor force,optimizing the allocation of household labor force and raising the productivity of household labor.Based on the market satisfaction degree of land transfer demand,this dissertation constructs a "land transfer ration index" to measure the development of local land transfer market.The study found that the imperfect land transfer market not only has a considerable inhibiting effect on the scale migrant labor force,but also can produce distortion effect of labor force allocation decisions to the family,which make families could not make their labor focused on the comparative advantage production sectors.On the one hand,the gender structure of migrant households tends to be masculine,and on the other hand,the labor force of agricultural production tends to be feminine and aging.This reduced the household agricultural productivity and total labor productivity.Thirdly,the land transfer has significantly promoted the income growth of household incomes,but also increased the income inequality among households.Overall,the estimated results based on the endogenous switching regression(ESR)model shows that participation in land transfer has significantly improved the income level of rural households,which is about 24%income growth for all households who had transferred land.For the households that had transferred in and transferred out land,their per capita net income growth was about 31%and 45%respectively.Secondly,this paper estimated the income effect of land transfer on different Quantile by using the unconditional Quantile treatment effect(UQTE)model which containing endogenous processing variables.The result shows the income growth effect of land transfer is mainly reflected in the middle and high-income households with more than 40 Quantile in income distribution,and has no impact on low-income households.Finally,the rural Gini coefficient before and after the emergence of land transfer market is simulated by constructing the anti-fact income of the households who participate in the land transfer.The result shows that the emergence of land transfer market expanded the income inequality of rural households,the households per capita net income of family's Gini coefficient will increase from 0.3052 to 0.3278 due to the land transfer.In this dissertation,it is speculated that the inequality between the poor and the rich in land transfer caused by unequal transfer opportunity is one of the reasons for the widening income gap.The counterfactual result shows that the Gini coefficient will fall and the income gap will narrow if all the households affected by rationing can participate in the land transfer.In addition to the advantages of relatively new data sources and large sample size,the innovation of this dissertation is reflected in the following three aspects compared with previous researches.Firstly,it provides empirical evidence to strengthen the importance of land transfer market construction.The existing literature mainly analyzes the factors that determine the activity of the land transfer market,and rarely discusses the impact of the land transfer market.This dissertation evaluates the influence of land transfer market development on household resource allocation and income,expands the research in this field from the perspective of households.Secondly,in addition to the basic model,in this dissertation,the integrated use of bivariate Probit model,double variable Tobit model,ESR model,QTE model,the instrumental variable method,counterfactual simulation analysis,and other measurement methods,makes up the defect of the previous research on the empirical method and draws more reliable conclusions.Thirdly,the research perspective is relatively new.Compared with previous studies,the analysis object of this dissertation includes not only the households who actually participate in the land transfer,but also includes the households who have the will to transfer land but do not really participate in the land transfer,which not only helps to reveal the existing land transfer market is perfect or not,and how much potential the market has achieved,but also allow us to estimate the potential impact of the improvement of the land transfer market,thus provides a rough estimate for the potential of the further reform of land transfer system.