Study On Anti-Poverty Strategy Of Urban Working Poor

Poverty problem is a global issue that plagues the countries of the world.In a sense,the history of human development--human history which continuous improve the productivity and coordinate the production relations--is the history of constantly fighting poverty and moving from poverty to common prosperity.It can be said that poverty--scarcity and shortage--is the eternal challenge that humanity faces.The issue of poverty not only directly affects the quality of human life,but also is one of the root causes of social unrest in countries around the world.Employment is an important means for workers to integrate into urban society,share development achievements,realize their own values,and obtain a happy life.Employment income is the main source of income for individual workers and their families.Whether to achieve employment and the level of employment quality is an important factor affecting the income level and quality of workers' lives,it is also the key to extricate them from poverty.A large number of studies show that unemployment and underemployment are the direct causes of urban poverty,and increasing employment is an important way to solve the problem of urban poverty and low income.In the past,the study of urban poor population mainly focused on the quantity of employment,but not on the quality of employment.However,there are more and more working poor people in our cities at present.Although they have achieved employment,most of them are at the edge of the labor market,their employment is unstable,working environment is poor,income is low,treatment is poor.They do not enjoy the rights and interests of regular employees,and they lack of social security and related benefits.Low-quality employment has pushed large numbers of workers into poverty and become "working poor" in cities.It can be seen that the realization of employment alone is not enough to change the status of urban poor.The quality of employment directly affects the living and development conditions of the poor people,and it is related to the overall situation of the employment work,and it has become the core of the study of the employment problem.Therefore,attention should be paid not only to the quantity of emloyment,but also to the quality of emloyment of urban poor.The urban poor can get a sustained and stable income and finally get rid of the "poverty trap" only by realizing high quality employment.At present,the urban working poor in China mainly includes re-employment of laid-off workers,low-income labourers,migrant workers,newly employed college students and other low-income young people.They usually have certain labor capacity and labor will,but lack of good employment opportunities and upward mobility space.Insufficient employment and low employment quality have become the main problems they face.How to take effective measures to promote the full employment of urban working poor people and improve their employment quality is the main way to increase their income level and improve their quality of life.Some experts and scholars have studied the problem of urban poor from the angles of sociology,social security,social policy and so on,but there is little research on the quality of employment of urban working poor.Looking at the studies of the employment of the urban working poor at this stage,there are mainly the following shortcomings: First,in the aspect of the research object,the whole problem of urban poverty is mostly taken as the object,and the research on the urban working poor is lacking.Second,in the research topic,the focus of reserch is on the quantity of employment,lacks of research on the quality of employment of the working poor.Third,in the research method,most research uses the qualitative analysis method,lacks of the content which unifies the quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis.Fourth,from the theoretical perspective,there are very few theory which regards the comprehensive development of human as the aim,and it is difficult to find ways to solve the problem of urban poverty from a deeper level.Therefore,the author changes the perspective of urban poverty management from unemployed poverty to working poverty,and shifts the focus of research from the quantity of employment to the quality of employment.Using the qualitative and quantitative research methods,taking the base data of China Comprehensive Social Survey and the survey data of the working poor in Changchun as the research materials,the author establishes the employment quality index model of the urban working poor,analyzes the relationship between employment quality and urban poverty,studies the internal and external factors affecting the employment quality of the working poor,and puts forward anti-poverty strategies combined with theory and practice.According to the dimension and connotation of employment quality and the availability of data,this paper selects eight indexes closely related to the quality of workers' employment,which are: wage income,working time,job stability,working environment,labour relations,career development,social security and job satisfaction.The researcher has made the following conclusions by investigating 360 low-income families in Changchun:First,there is a significant negative correlation between the quality of employment and the degree of poverty of the urban working poor.The higher the quality of employment,the lower the degree of poverty,the lower the quality of employment,the higher the degree of poverty.It can effectively reduce poverty and improve quality of life by improving the quality of employment of the working poor,which is of great significance to alleviate urban poverty.Second,there is a positive correlation between the human capital and the employment quality of the urban working poor.The greater the human capital,the higher the employment quality.The level of vocational qualification of workers has the greatest influence on the quality of employment,followed by the level of education and the level of health again.Third,there is a positive correlation between the social capital and the employment quality of the urban working poor.The greater the social capital,the higher the employment quality.The social network top of laborer has the most influence on its employment quality,followed by social network difference and social network scale again.Fourth,institutional factors have a great impact on employment quality of the urban working poor,including the education system,employment system,social security system,etc.The institutional arrangement determines the right of people to enjoy freedom and exercise freedom.In view of the factors affecting the employment quality of the urban working poor,the researcher summarized the following suggestions: First,strengthen the investment in human capital and social capital of workers,and comprehensively enhance the employability of the working poor;Second,we should perfect the existing system and grant equal rights of political participation,education,employment and social security to working poor,so as to improve their employment quality and living standrd.Third,we should improve the medical security system,raise the health level of the working poor,help low-income groups resist disease risk and reduce the loss caused by disease.In order that the working poor can live a healthier and richer life.