Executive-led Poverty Alleviation Governance

Different from the western anti-poverty strategy where the market-oriented economic growth is the most important way to solve the poverty problem,in the practice of poverty alleviation in China,the leading role of the state and the role of the government are the main emphasis."Precision poverty alleviation" is a comprehensive anti-poverty governance campaign launched from top to bottom under the leadership of the country,and has achieved remarkable poverty reduction effect in a few years.Through the detailed investigation on the implementation of the policy of precision poverty alleviation in A poverty-stricken county of Wuling Mountain,this paper deeply studies the operational mechanism and practical logic of this state-led administrative governance model of poverty alleviation.Through analysis of a long-term historical period of poverty alleviation in China's rural areas,we can divide it into four stages:the poverty reduction stage of institutional reform and economic growth,the stage of large-scale development-oriented poverty alleviation for the rural areas,the stage of comprehensive poverty alleviation,with the joint function of "development-oriented poverty alleviation" and "protection-oriented poverty alleviation",and the stage of breaking out poverty and assaulting difficulties.The logic of history highlights two main lines:first,the country began to use the market to stimulate poor individuals,and then improve their income level,but with the weakening of the economic trickle-down,the poor population can not gain incomes in the market;second,in the area of administration,the field of poverty alleviation has been brought into a formal administrative system.and the state has begun to centralize and unify the allocation of resources.However,depending on the administrative system of poverty alleviation,poverty alleviation resources cannot be effectively transferred to the poor.There is a poverty alleviation dilemma.In the face of the dual failure of the market and administration in the field of poverty alleviation,it is necessary for the emergence of the state-led precision poverty alleviation policy.First of all,for the administrative layer itself,administrative governance to alleviate poverty shows the dual logic of stratification and inverse stratification.First,the upper level of the government politicizes the administrative issues,and under the pressure system,the poverty alleviation work is transmitted layer by layer and raised to the central task of the local government.Second,as far as the middle level of the government is concerned,it is necessary to employ the responsible persons of local departments to take charge of the "high position propulsion" to break the boundaries of the "item"within the hierarchy system and to set up temporary command departments to assault difficulties,mobilize various forces within the hierarchy system to overcome poverty;third,the informal lower village-level organizations are embedded in the form of village cadres,village task forces and "the first secretary",and promote the transformation of village-level organizations and village cadres into administrative departments.Secondly,administrative governance poverty alleviation performs in the integration role of administration to the market.The administrative integration of the market is the expression ofadministrative instrumentalization,which mainly includes:first,under the request of the target responsibility system,the governments at all levels should intervene through the way of "administrative responsibility of complete implementation" in the following aspects:the choice of leading industries,the creation of typical industries and the organization of market main body.Secondly,under the administrative pressure of poverty alleviation,the interest linkage mechanism of "interest binding,joint responsibilities" and the mechanism of "packaging" development and demonstration drives are established,which can effectively ensure the benefits of the poor in the market;third,as for the specific choice of the main body of business,we should strengthen the support to capital"endogenous-introverted" type of enterprises/cooperatives,highlighting industry poverty alleviation function.Finally,as a kind of resource allocation,the policy of precision poverty alleviation is easy to get predicament of social governance after reaching the rural areas.The predicaments of administrative governance of poverty are mainly reflected in:first,from the macro structure level,the grass-root level governance structure has a great impact on the precision poverty alleviation,unreasonable and unstable grass-root level governance has eliminated the effect of the precision poverty alleviation policy.Second,from the micro point of view,the top-down transmission of poverty alleviation resources into the village society will face difficulties of distribution,which without proper handling,can cause the increase of farmers' applying for help from higher authorities,or local governments encounters of governance difficulties;thirdly,the democratic decision-making form which totally depends on the farmers'independent participation will lead to the result of invalidation under the influence of the local rural logic.Therefore,in the process of administrative governance of society,we need to strengthen the national leadership and intervention,in order to effectively deal with the above difficulties and finally achieve the improvement of governance capacity.