Research On China's Manufacturing Upgrade Path And Measurement Method Based On Global Value Chain Analysis

After the World War ?.along with the acceleration of global economic integration and the rapid rise of multinational corporations,the mode of international labor division has experienced the transition from inter-industry division to intra-industry and intra-product division.The manufacturing production process is highly fragmented.After the world financial crisis in 2008,the global economic growth was sluggish and generally maintained the "three lows and one high"--"low interest rate,low inflation,low growth and high debt".All countries turned to give their priorities to the manufacturing industry.The problems of industrial structure,development pattern and path dependence accumulated by China's manufacturing industry over the past decades have been constantly exposed under the new normal.At present,the labor costs continue to be rising,the growth rate of investment and exports are slowing down apparently,and resources consumption and environmental pollution are constantly getting to the limits of resources and environmental bearing capacity.Moreover,the traditional extensive growth mode mainly relied on scale expansion can hardly sustain.Currently,the urgent problem is to find the best breakthrough point in the global value chain(GVC)according to the Chinese characteristics so as to promote the successful upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.From the perspective of research,theoretical issues are not the main difficulties of GVC research,because all the basic theories related to GVC research,such as theory of international labor division,theory of comparative advantage and the supply chain theory of management,can explain the GVC phenomenon,that it is difficult to make further theoretical breakthrough.Therefore,the key point of GVC research lies in the research of applied theory and methodology which mainly includes the research of statistical and explanation methods.The method to measure the status of global value chain is now mainly based on the value-added analysis of input-output tables.However,the global mobility of factors makes it difficult to reflect the real status of host countries based on the value-added analysis of territorial factors,while it is also difficult to define the ownership proportion of different countries based on the ownership factor analysis of GVC status.Through the analysis of the progress of GVC,this thesis finds out that the occurrence of GVC phenomenon has its profound internal and external influence.As for the internal factor,the industrial organization model featured by modular design and manufacturing constantly reconstructs an integrated bureaucratic system represented by the "Fordism".As enterprises become increasingly innovated and flexible,the internal management of large-scale enterprises continues to "loosen" and become functionally "refocused".With respect to the external factor,the rising of prices and declining of consumption in western countries caused by the two oil crisis in the second half of the 20th century has posed great pressure on manufacturers.However,the global expansion and hierarchical production of value chain just met this trend.It not only helped developed countries to reduce costs but also promoted the economic development in developing countries.On the basis of relevant theoretical research and analysis of the transformation and upgrading of GVC in some countries,this thesis starts with the applied theory and research of labor division and occupational employment structure,to calculate the GVC status of the manufacturing industry in different countries.This provides a new measure method based on ownership factor.By researching the upgrading mechanism of GVC in manufacturing industry,this thesis divides the upgrading path of GVC in manufacturing industry into embedded process and upgrading process within the industry,analyzes factors of GVC upgrading from the perspective of factor flow,and studies the functional mechanism of various dynamic factors on GVC upgrading.On such basis,this thesis combines the theory and empirical methods,conducts the multi-model research on factors that affect the upgrading of China's manufacturing industry,and conducts an empirical study on the interaction of internal and external factors.Finally,it puts forward the policy focus of China's manufacturing industry in the next round of labor division according to the mechanisms of GVC upgrading.