Study On Land Transfer Mechanism In Heilongjiang Province Based On Dual Objectives

Land transfer is related to rural economic development and social stability,which is the only way to develop modern agriculture.Since the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,the central government has proposed to encourage farmers to transfer the land,to stabilize the contract relationship of rural land,and to promote the innovation of agricultural production and management mode.According to the department of agriculture data show that the proportion of the total area of the household contract cultivated land in China increased from 8.9%in 2008 to 17.84%in 2011,then to 30.4%in 2014.As of March 2017,the proportion of the area of the household contract cultivated land has reached about 35%,and the rate of land transfer significantly accelerated.Heilongjiang province is an important grain producing area and commodity grain production base in China.By 2015,the grain production in Heilongjiang Province accounts for 11%of the total grain output in China,which plays a decisive role in safeguarding national food security.The "two plains"modern agriculture comprehensive reform test was carried out of Heilongjiang Province in the begin of 2013.In recent years,the scale and proportion of land transfer in Heilongjiang Province have been expanding.As of October 2014,the land transfer area of reached 6507 million mu,and the transfer rate was 50%.At the same time,Heilongjiang province has nearly 2/3 county did not establish the land circulation service hall,and near 1/2 county without the construction of information network service platform of land transfer and without forming a perfect land transfer mechanism,which leaded to the problems that the rotation system is not perfect,the flow behavior is not standard,and the transfer price is not stable,and the support policies are not perfect and the financing difficulties appear in the process of land transfer,hindering the orderly transfer of land.How to build a reasonable mechanism of land transfer that not only can improve land productivity and ensure national food security in Heilongjiang Province,but also can increase farmers' income,maintain rural stability,and promote rural economic prosperity,is the key problem to be solved.The researches on the mechanism of land transfer has been analyzed from the perspective of land productivity or from the perspective of farmer's income,and mainly consider the influencing factors such as land dynamics,price,supply and demand,management and guarantee,which has certain theoretical significance.But it is very important to establish the mechanism of land transfer which is conducive to improving the land productivity and increasing the income of the peasant and to ensure the orderly operation of the land transfer.At present,the farmers were the main body of land transfer in Heilongjiang Province,farmers as an important participant in the land transfer,whose behaviors have a fundamental impact to the land transfer mechanism for a region.In view of this,this paper takes the "two great plains" of Heilongjiang province in the main grain-producing area of Northeast as the study area,based on the data of rural fixed observation point and the field research data in the study area,and takes improving the land productivity and increasing the farmers' income as the double target,first to analyzes the characteristics of land circulation in the study area,then the effect of land transfer on land productivity and farmer's income in the study area are evaluated by using difference-in-differences(DID)model and the tendency score matching method(PSM),in order to find out the problem of land transfer in the study area and its negative impact on land productivity and farmer's income,which provides the basis for constructing the land transfer mechanism based on the double target.The appropriate scale of land transfer is determined by using the Translog model under the dual targets of study area and under present investment and technology level,and the main reasons of rural land transfer scale is not appropriate are figured out,which lay an important foundation for the construction of the land transfer under the duel goals and for promoting the appropriate scale of land management;the main theoretical framework of land transfer mechanism which takes the farmers as the directly subject is designed,and the land transfer mechanism is constructed from the both sides of the direct participation and indirect participation of Heilongjiang Province.Based on the land transfer mechanism with the dual goals,the land transfer operation of direct participations are determined from the land size,price,duration,and other ways and means,and the operation modes of the indirect participations of the land transfer about all levels of government and grassroots organizations,intermediary service agencies,agricultural production and employment services and financial institutions also are regulated.And the proposals of protecting the normal operation of the land transfer mechanism are put forward.The results are as follows:(1)In the study area,the farmer has the characteristics of circulation speed and urbanization process and the scale of rural labor force transfer,lack of perfect market pricing mechanism,lack of formal land circulation intermediary organization participation,and short temporary land transfer period.There are the characteristics of the land transfer with the farmers as the main body,and land transfer speed is not match with the urbanization process and the scale of rural labor force transfer,and the mechanism of making price in market is not perfect,and it lack formal intermediary organization to participate land transfer,and the period of land transfer is generally short.(2)The land transfer of farmers can significantly improve the land productivity of the corn,but will significantly reduce the land productivity of rice.the net production of the corn was higher 31 kg/mu and the net production of rice was higher 75kg/mu of the farmers after participating in the land transfer than the production of farmers not participating in land transfer.The increase of fertilizer production after land transfer is the main reason for the improvement of the corn land productivity.The fertilizer and irrigation investment increase,while the scale of operation and concentration of land decrease,which are the main reasons the decreasing of rice land productivity.(3)The land transferred in has a significant effect on the total household income of farmers,while the land transferred out has a significant inhibitory effect.The main reason for the increase of total income of farmers is the increase of agricultural income after the land transferred in.The main reason for the decrease of the total income of farmers is that the increase of income and rental income of migrant workers is less than reduction of agricultural income after the land transferred out.(4)Under the current input and technical level in the study area,when the management scale of corn,rice and soybean reach 60 to 115 mu,15 to 30 mu and 30 to 60 mu,which both food security and farmers' income increase will be ensured.(5)The theoretical framework of land transfer mechanism in Heilongjiang Province based on duel goals is the farmers transferring land in and the farmers transferring land out transfer the land with the help of the policy support of central and local government and the coordination of village committee and land transfer service platform as an intermediary.Agricultural service platform,water service platform,weather service platform,circulation service platform and other agricultural service platform,as well as farmer professional cooperatives and agricultural enterprises for land transfer to run the land to provide prenatal,middle and postpartum services.Commercial banks provide loans to solve financing difficulties,and insurance companies to provide agricultural insurance to reduce the risk of agricultural production;labor transfer platform for the transfer of land farmers to provide employment information and related services,and farmer professional cooperatives and agricultural enterprises for the local farmers to provide employment opportunities,all of which lead to reasonably determine the land transfer factors such as the scale,price,duration,mode and way of land transfer involved in the process of land transfer,and to promote the orderly transfer the land,and finally to realize the dual goal of increasing the land productivity and increasing the income of the farmers.(6)The scale of land transfer should be determined according to the scale,price,duration,mode and way of land transfer.In the case of the current agricultural production level,the land transfer scale in the study area should be calculated based on the dual objective(The proportion of moderate scale of operation of corn,rice and soybean are 60 to 115 mu,15 to 30 mu and 30 to 60 mu respectively),and the scale of land transfer should be adjusted reasonably according to the level of social and economic development in the region and the level of its own agricultural technology;The price of land transfer in the study area is determined by the market mechanism.Through the price publicity system from the land transfer service platform,a relatively stable price mechanism is formed in a certain area,and according to the local economic development level and agricultural technology level.The land transfer prices should be appropriate adjusted based on 400yuan/mu,and the final guided price in line with the local land will be decided by the land transfer of both sides.The period of land transfer in the study area is determined to be about 5 years.Meanwhile,in order to protect the land operation rights of the farmers of land transfer in,and they can be renewed under the same conditions after the expiration of the contract.The land transfer mode and way mainly the land transfer through the land transfer service platform and labor transfer platform as an intermediary are the mainly mode and way,which can reduce the land transfer process in the transaction costs,improve the farmers'income participating the land transfer,and promote the orderly flow of land.(7)The operation modes of the indirect participations of the land transfer about all levels of government and grassroots organizations,intermediary service agencies,agricultural production and employment services and financial institutions are regulated.The central government to develop relevant laws and regulations and support policies and improve the rural social security system to guide the orderly transfer of land;The local government after the implementation of the land transfer should strengthen the guidance,regulation,supervision and service of land transfer.The village committee takes on its basic responsibility and coordinates the comprehensive function of multiple subjects,and the rural land transfer;Agricultural service platform should provide information service about the labors transfer,the agricultural information,water services,weather services,circulation services,farmer training,business credit and other services.The service-oriented farmer's professional cooperatives and agribusiness will focus on the provision of prenatal,postnatal and post-natal services for agricultural operators,while provide re-employment for the farmers transferring land out,which promoting the labor transfer and the land transfer.Commercial banks will explore the "four rights" mortgages and credit home loans,and make efforts to solve the financing the main business problems;insurance companies will provide commercial insurance related to agriculture,and reduce the risk of the land transfer and agricultural scale management.(8)There are six sides measures strengthening the rural land property rights system,improving the management and employment capacity of farmers and the level of protection,strengthening the management and service of the land transfer,supporting large-scale grain production,establishing and improving the agricultural social service system and solving the shortage of agricultural management funds are proposed,which will ensure the normal running of the mechanism of land transfer in the study area.