| Mutual insurance has a long history in the world,it has been one of the fastest growing organizations in the insurance industry,and mutual insurance in China is still in its infancy.Compared with joint-stock insurance companies,mutual insurance organizations have low threshold and easy to cooperate with the original business of the founder,which enables the founder to establish good public image and acquire high-quality customer resources.Its shortcomings are mainly reflected in the financing mode,which leads to insufficient ability to recapitalization under the condition of insufficient solvency,and because of its inability to issue shares,its ability to use capital market is limited.Through research,the introduction of public financing can provide solutions for a series of problems such as mutual insurance financing difficulties,membership scale,stability and profitability.This paper will demonstrate the new model of management.The purpose of this dissertation is to include the following aspects.Firstly,this paper is to sort out,consolidate and reinforce the insurance knowledge of the system of doctoral period.From the well-known commercial share insurance to expand to the relatively weak commercial mutual insurance.It is not only the extension and expansion of the field of theoretical insurance,but also the practice,exploration and development of the field of insurance.Secondly,this article has reached the goal of close integration with social hot issues.Crowd Funding in recent years is a very important financial hot.Through the combination of the various models,it gets better apply their knowledge to the society.Thirdly,this paper rises to the theoretical height of the business model.This is the sublimation and progressive content of the study during the doctoral period,but also build a solid theoretical foundation for the subsequent work.The content of the three studies of this dissertation is as follows.The first of this paper is to sort out and explain the insurance knowledge during the doctoral period.A series of insurance policy documents about the insurance market healthy development put forward higher requirements and standards for the organizational form of diversification.In addition,joint-stock insurance companies are the basic forms of China’s current insurance market organization.Although in the field of mutual insurance organizations to make an early exploration,but the situation has not grown.Mutual insurance share of the market share is almost negligible.The form of mutual insurance organization should be able to achieve the function has not been effectively played.Based on the knowledge of insurance theory studied during the period of doctoral education,this paper introduces the basic situation of insurance industry development in our country,and introduces the reason why mutual insurance development is lagging behind others.In addition,this article also gives a comprehensive analysis of the advantages of mutual insurance compared with the advantages of stock insurance company.In order to enhance the theoretical basis of the text,this paper makes a detailed comparative study of the forms of mutual insurance organizations at home and abroad.Drawing on the United States,Japan and Europe three countries and regions of mutual insurance development experience and lessons,this paper puts forward the opportunities and particularities of the development of mutual insurance organizations in China from the three perspectives of macro insurance market,medium view insurance industry and micro insurance company respectively.Based on this,the development dilemma of mutual insurance is put forward.Secondly,this paper expounds the present situation and realization mechanism of the current development model of our country,and analyzes the promoting effect of the crowd funding acting to mutual insurance business model from the perspective of risk management.By combining with the latest hot spots,the depth and scientific value of the research are enhanced,and the professional academic level of the doctoral culture is improved.In addition,this article fully combines the advantages of Crowd-Funding,to solve the corresponding development dilemma of mutual insurance.The article broadens the thinking and method of the development process of mutual insurance organization in our country,and provides suggestions for the future development of our mutual insurance organizations.Thirdly,the paper uses the elements of the business model involved in the interpretation of the elements one by one,and with the insurance perspective to enhance the general performance of the entire article.And through the development of the specific rules of mutual insurance business model,this paper defines the development rules and methods of mutual insurance business model,and makes reference value for the future development of mutual insurance in China.The above three objectives complement each other,to achieve the combination of theory and practice and extension,as the core of the article ideas to guide the follow-up of this paper research ideas.This paper divided into seven chapters in general.The first chapter is the introduction of the article,mainly for the purpose of this paper,literature review,research methods,research ideas and innovation and shortcomings of a general introduction.The second chapter mainly related to the mode of mutual insurance and development,four sections.After introducing the concept and characteristics of mutual insurance,this part defines the business model of mutual insurance,and analyzes the opportunities and particularities of mutual insurance business model from micro and macro respectively.At the micro level,the mutual insurance business model has obvious advantages of attract consumers,can reasonably control the moral hazard and reduce the operating cost.At the macro level,the mutual insurance business model fully embodies the value of risk management and effectively and fulfills the social management function.The main content of the third chapter is the development process of mutual insurance business model.This part firstly introduces the type of organization of China’s mutual insurance business model in detail.According to the established time sequence,taking the six organizations such as China Fisheries Mutual Insurance Association as an example,the development of China’s mutual insurance business model has been sorted out.Then it introduces the current development of China’s mutual insurance business model from four aspects: policy guidance,organization form,premium income and public approval.At the same time,there are many development dilemmas in the existing environment,including the lack of legal basis,lack of solvency supervision,limited profitability and unstable membership.Therefore,the development of mutual insurance business model needs to be carried out from various aspects.The main content of the fourth chapter is the international comparison of mutual insurance business model.This paper mainly selects three relatively mature insurance markets in the United States,Japan and Europe,and makes a detailed comparison and analysis of its current mutual insurance business model.The mutual insurance business model of each country is relevant to the development situation of the national situation and the insurance market,whether it is the legislative level,the organization form or the solvency regulation.It can be concluded that the development of mutual insurance model must perfect the mutual insurance legislation.The organization of our country’s national conditions and the establishment of the standard of solvency.The fifth chapter is the program of this article,through the introduction of crowd funding theory,analysis crowd funding played an important role in the aspects of mutual insurance risk management.This chapter has four sections.First,from the concept of crowd funding,characteristics,processes and economic theory to support the type of three sets out the concept of crowd funding,and then selected a number of relatively typical domestic and foreign pool analysis of the current development of the current situation.In the section of the mechanism,there is a coherence of the incentives for the three parties through the establishment of an incentive-compatible model based on the investor,the financing party,and the fund-raising platform,that is,maximizing the average utility and the number of transactions.The fourth section analyzes the advantages of crowd funding in mutual insurance business model.The last section takes the Sunshine Agriculture Mutual Insurance Company as an example,lists the current risk of the solvency of our mutual insurance model,the weakening of the system advantage and the single risk of the exhibition mode,and analyzes the conditions of the combination of the mutual insurance model and the crowd funding.These risks will be greatly reduced.The sixth chapter is the innovation of this article,mainly defines the rules of mutual insurance business model on the base of crowd funding,through the development of the corresponding rules,lay a good tone for the development of mutual insurance business model in the future.This chapter have five sections of setting rules for the insurance business model from five different levels.Including crowd funding should be applied to mutual insurance business model to achieve low barriers to entry,financing a wide range,enhancing the enterprise profitability,continuing injection of capacity,improving transaction costs.These rules have laid a solid foundation for the future orientation of crowd funding in mutual insurance business model in our country.The seventh chapter is the specific policy recommendations,mainly discusses the innovation and development of mutual insurance business model.The traditional mutual insurance business model due to the existence of various restrictions in the development process often encounter many obstacles,and even have a potential risk.Because of crowd funding own inherent advantages,for the mutual insurance business model will be a good supplement.This chapter is divided into five sections respectively from five aspects of the discussion on the mutual insurance business model innovation.The first section proposed that the premise of insurance business model development is need to improve the existing mutual insurance laws and regulations,especially to strengthen the solvency regulation.The main content of the last four sections is to discuss the use crowd funding can optimize the risk control mode,stable membership size,while enhancing the mutual insurance profitability and financing capacity.Through the analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)At present,legislation is an important bottleneck that hinders the development of mutual insurance in China,mainly for the mutual insurance positioning is unknown,the organization is relatively simple,not yet introduced supporting solvency regulatory program.Therefore,this paper suggests that legislation can refer to the experience of mutual insurance legislation in Japan,which is also based on the civil law system,and adding special mutual insurance section on the basis of the existing "Insurance Law" to give its clear legal status and regulate the operation model of mutual insurance;Encouraging the development of different forms of mutual organizations to stimulate the mutual insurance market vitality;developing different solvency regulations for different forms of mutual insurance to ensure the healthy development of mutual insurance market.(2)Optimizing the risk control model of mutual insurance through crowd fund.Traditional audit standards on the membership of the mutual insurance are narrow,with high moral hazard,and the lack of members’ continuous funding capacity when the development of mutual insurance organizations to a certain size,and had to be converted into shareholding system.Therefore,based on the concept of acquaintances,this article proposed to strengthen the membership of the access qualification audit,through the endorsement to ensure that the new members of the identity of the operation,with a good ability to continue to contribute to the operation to bring more quality resources,give full play to all members the comparative advantage.All designed to improve the risk control capability of mutual insurance organizations in terms of membership access.(3)On the issue of profitability,traditional mutual insurance organizations rarely mention profitability because they are defined as nonprofit organizations,and mutual insurance organizations are limited in terms of underwriting profits and capital use ability is not strong.However,this article studies the mutual insurance business model;profitability is one of the important part.As a result,taking the collective investment management approach as a breakthrough,this paper proposes to strengthen the profitability of mutual insurance organizations,we can make great efforts from the aspects of pre-investment,in-investment and post-investment.That is,members of the operation can bring a wealth of high-quality investment targets,efficient and transparent investment decision-making and the organization can provide a perfect post-service.(4)In view of the problem of the instability of the traditional mutual insurance members,this paper puts forward that the mutual insurance organizations in the cooperative mode can be designed as a strong association organization.The size of the membership of each project in a mutual insurance organization is often limited,but the size of the membership in the organization can be infinitely large.At the same time,mutual insurance organizations can be built into a guaranteed sponge organization,the organization members have the three-in-one identity characteristics as policy holder,the insured and the insurer.Members also have "embedded" type of interaction to ensure that the synergistic operation of each part of organization.Finally,mutual insurance organizations can also develop into an association that serves the interests of members.Based on the above three aspects,the size of the members of mutual insurance operations has been effectively protected.(5)The mutual financing ability of traditional mutual insurance has always been an obstacle to its large-scale development.However,this paper argues that mutual insurance organizations can effectively improve their financing ability.As a result,the risk control capability of the mutual insurance organization is high,and the membership access standard is high,too.Therefore,the starting point of the organization is high;therefore,the member’s continuous investment ability and quality will fully protected.Second,the mutual insurance organization under crowd fund is a de-intermediary organization,which can timely self-repair.Members sense of identity,belonging and responsibility to insurance organizations,which can encourage members to participate in management of the organization.The ability of the members of the organization provides a guarantee for sustainable management.To sum up,this paper argues that the mutual insurance operation under the crowd fund mode can solve some of the problems existing in the traditional mutual insurance organizations.Next,on this basis,this article will continue to explore how to build a cooperation and efficient large insurance ecosystem,based on the close contact and mutual. |
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