Research On The Multi-Dimensional Poverty Dynamics Of Migrant Workers And Its Influencing Factors

Poverty is an important issue that hinders social and economic development.The eradication of poverty is the common goal of human society development and the number one project of the current Chinese government.Since the reform and opening up,China's rural poverty alleviation work has achieved great results.The size of the rural poor has dropped from 250 million in 1978 to 26.88 million in 2010,and the incidence of poverty has dropped from 33% to 2.8%.According to the poverty standard of the State Council's poverty alleviation office in 2011(2,300 yuan per person per year),there are 16.6 million poor people in rural areas in 2018.The Chinese government plans to achieve the poverty alleviation of the existing rural poor by 2020.With the solution of rural poverty,the incidence of urban poverty is increasing,and the problem of “urbanization of poverty” is becoming more and more serious.China's urbanization and industrialization have attracted a large number of rural surplus laborers to enter urban employment as migrant workers.As of now,the number of migrant workers in China has reached 280 million.Peasant work is an important “booster” for China's economic development,but it is difficult to enjoy the same treatment as urban residents.The risk of migrant workers falling into poverty in urban areas has greatly increased.In addition,the social security system for the poverty of migrant workers is very weak,and migrant workers are in the “vacuum zone” between the rural poverty alleviation system and the urban social assistance system.However,the current research on the poverty of migrant workers is relatively scarce.Paying attention to the poverty of migrant workers in a timely manner,and early prevention and resolution of poverty among migrant workers is of great significance to the harmonious development of society and the comprehensive construction of a well-off society.At present,academic circles have not reached a consensus on the measurement of poverty among migrant workers.In the past,scholars mostly used a single income or consumption economic indicator for poverty.Now more choices are based on Sen's feasible ability theory to construct a multi-dimensional poverty indicator system.This article also draws on the idea of multidimensional poverty,more considerations of human viability and opportunity deprivation,and covers factors such as individual freedom and subjective feelings of welfare.Construct a set of multi-dimensional poverty indicators system for migrant workers including income,education,health,life,employment and integration to measure the poverty situation of migrant workers.In addition,as people's understanding of poverty continues to deepen,not only cross-sectional data is used to examine the static situation of poverty,but panel data is used to examine the dynamics of poverty.However,there are few domestic multi-dimensional perspectives and dynamic methods combined to study the poverty of migrant workers.This paper attempts to use the 2010-2016 China Household Tracking Survey Data(CFPS)to study the multi-dimensional poverty dynamics of migrant workers.The construction model explores the determinants of the dynamic process and dynamic results of the multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers,and gives corresponding policy recommendations for the different poverty dynamic processes and poverty dynamics of migrant workers.The research content of this paper mainly includes the following aspects:The first part puts forward the research questions,points out the significance of the research,clarifies the research purpose and research content,clarifies the research ideas and framework of this paper,and explains the research methods and data used in this paper.Finally,it points out the innovations and deficiencies that may exist in this paper.The second part defines the related concepts of migrant workers,multi-dimensional poverty and dynamic poverty,and expounds the theoretical basis of this paper,such as poverty theory,ability poverty theory,social mobility theory,etc.,and combs the research progress of multidimensional poverty dynamics at home and abroad.The third part measures the multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers.Firstly,it constructs the system framework of multi-dimensional poverty measurement of migrant workers,and on this basis measures the multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers.Then,the multi-dimensional poverty characteristics of migrant workers are described from the individual characteristics level and the employment characteristics level,including the multi-dimensional indicator poverty incidence rate,multi-dimensional poverty index and multi-dimensional indicator contribution rate.Finally,compare the multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers and the multi-dimensional poverty of urban residents.The fourth part measures the dynamics of multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers,which are mainly divided into dynamic process measurement and dynamic result measurement.First,we will examine the changes in the multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers from poverty experience,poverty persistence,poverty entry and poverty withdrawal.On the basis of dynamic process measurement,the types of results of multi-dimensional poverty dynamics of migrant workers are divided.Then,the multi-dimensional poverty dynamics of migrant workers are described from individual characteristics and employment characteristics.Finally,compare the dynamic process and dynamic results of multi-dimensional poverty among migrant workers and urban residents.The fifth part decomposes the multi-dimensional poverty dynamics of migrant workers,and decomposes the multi-dimensional poverty index from two perspectives: dynamic process and dynamic results.The multidimensional poverty dynamic process includes poverty experience,poverty persistence,poverty entry and poverty exit.The dynamic results include never poverty,chronic poverty and temporary poverty.At the same time,the differences in the multi-dimensional poverty contribution rates of different poverty dynamic processes and dynamic outcome types are compared.The sixth part explores the influencing factors of the multi-dimensional poverty dynamic process of migrant workers.Based on the dynamic measurement of multi-dimensional poverty,the econometric model is constructed to analyze the determinants of poverty-stricken experience,poverty persistence,poverty entry and poverty withdrawal.And compare the differences in the determinants of the multi-dimensional poverty dynamic process of different migrant workers.The seventh part explores the influencing factors of the multi-dimensional poverty dynamics of migrant workers.On the basis of multi-dimensional poverty dynamics measurement,it constructs an econometric model to analyze the determinants of migrant workers' poverty,chronic poverty and temporary poverty.And compare the differences in the determinants of the multi-dimensional poverty dynamics of different migrant workers.The eighth part is the conclusion of this paper and related policy recommendations.This paper mainly discusses the dynamics of multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers.The possible innovations are as follows:First,the indicator system is innovative.The current multi-dimensional poverty measure in rural areas is mainly based on the Multidimensional Poverty Measurement Indicator(MPI)published by the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)in 2010.This indicator system mainly includes three dimensions of education,health and living standards.However,a set of recognized multi-dimensional poverty indicator system for migrant workers has not yet been formed.Based on thecharacteristics of migrant workers and MPI,this paper constructs a multi-dimensional poverty indicator system for migrant workers,which overcomes the limitations of measuring poverty in the past with single income or consumption indicators.Second,research perspective innovation.This paper mainly refers to the dynamic perspective of the dynamic evolution of multi-dimensional poverty of Chinese migrant workers,including the dynamic process of poverty,poverty persistence,poverty entry and poverty withdrawal,and the dynamic results of migrant workers from poverty,chronic poverty and long-term poverty;In addition,this paper compares the multi-dimensional poverty of urban residents with the multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers,and examines the multi-dimensional poverty differences of migrant workers with different individual characteristics and different employment characteristics,which is more conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the composition mechanism of multi-dimensional poverty of migrant workers.Provide support for the government to formulate anti-poverty policies for migrant workers.Third,research method innovation.In the past,most scholars used regional macro data and household micro data to analyze the poverty of farmers,but these data ignored the heterogeneity of individuals.Poverty stems from the individual,and the use of individual-level data can better guarantee the accuracy of the analysis results.This paper uses the sample of migrant workers in the CFPS data to explore the poverty level at the individual level,which is more conducive to the precise targeting and precise policy of the poverty of migrant workers.Of course,there are still some limitations in this paper,and further discussion is needed:First,the multi-dimensional poverty indicator system for migrant workers constructed in this paper needs further improvement.Although this paper builds a relatively complete index system based on the characteristics of migrant workers and MPI.Because the poverty connotation of migrant workers is rich,there is no fixed standard for the weight assignment of indicators and the establishment of poverty threshold.Therefore,the scientific nature of the index system constructed in this paper needs further argumentation.Second,the data used in this article needs to be further explored.The sample selected in this paper includes data for the four years of 2010,2012,2014 and 2016,but the database is not specific to the survey data of migrant workers;in addition,this paper uses a dynamic perspective to analyze the multi-dimensional poverty of migrantworkers.However,the CFPS data is the tracking panel data separated by 2 years,and the change of poverty in each year cannot be completely investigated.Third,the measurement model analysis needs further exploration.Although this paper uses a variety of models to estimate the influencing factors of the multi-dimensional poverty dynamic process of migrant workers and the multi-dimensional poverty dynamics of migrant workers,and test the robustness of the model.However,subject to the problem of research data,the control variables in the model mainly choose control variables from three aspects: individual characteristics,employment characteristics and ability characteristics of migrant workers,and lack of control variables at the social level and policy level.