Study On The Reducing Effect Of New Urbanization On Rural Poverty

Urbanization is the general trend of global economic development and the main feature of economic development in developing countries(Wu and Tan,2019).As the level of global urbanization increases,the proportion of global urban population to the total population has increased from 30% in 1950 to 54.3% in 2016(Word Bank,2017).China is in the process of accelerating urbanization.The proportion of urban population has increased from 17.92% in 1978 to 58.52% in 2017,reaching the global average urbanization level.Urbanization is considered to be an important way to solve the problem of “agriculture,rural areas and farmers” in China.Studies have shown that urbanization plays a crucial role in reducing rural poverty(Shahbaz et al.,2010;Cuong,2012;Luc et al.,2013;Peng Daiyan et al.2017).The Chinese government attaches great importance to urbanization.In the report of the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the report of the 19 th National Congress,it has been proposed to promote the simultaneous development of new industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization.In 2014,the Chinese government closely formulated the “National New Urbanization Plan(2014-2020)” based on comprehensively improving the quality of urbanization,accelerating the transformation of urbanization development mode,and taking people’s urbanization as the core,and pointing out that new urbanization is the only way to realize the modernization of our country and to solve the problem of agriculture,rural areas and farmers.However,for social and economic development,urbanization is not a panacea.Along with the deepening of the urbanization process,a series of problems have been highlighted,such as ecological and environmental issues,income distribution issues,and social security issues.For developing countries,poverty is an inevitable topic(Wu Haitao,2016).At the same time as China’s urbanization process continues to deepen,the cause of poverty reduction has achieved remarkable achievements.The number of rural poor in the country dropped from 250 million in 1978 to 30.46 million in 2017,and the incidence of poverty fell from 30.7% to 3.1%.In particular,since the implementation of the precise poverty alleviation strategy in 2013,also during the implementation of the new urbanization plan,the average annual poverty alleviation population reached 13.7 million,and the poverty reduction cause has made breakthroughs,making great contributions to world poverty reduction.Especially in the context of economic globalization and regional market integration,urbanization has a strong cross-regional relationship,the urbanization of a region will not only affect the poverty alleviation in the region,but also have an inter-regional impact on the economic development and poverty in the surrounding areas,that is,the spatial spillover effects.Moreover,the existing literature only considers the poverty of the income dimension when studying the relationship between urbanization and poverty,while ignoring the poverty of the dimensions of education and medical care.Based on this,from the perspective of multi-dimensional poverty,this paper empirically studies the impact of new urbanization on rural income,education and medical poverty on the basis of constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system of urbanization level.This provides an important basis for a deep understanding of the relationship between the development of new urbanization and rural poverty in China.It has important practical significance for promoting urbanization with both efficiency and fairness and rural poverty alleviation.The main research contents of this paper include four aspects.First,the mechanism analysis of the impact of new urbanization on the impact of new urbanization on rural poverty;second,the spatial and temporal evolution of China’s new urbanization development and comprehensive level measurement;third,based on macro and The microscopic perspective empirically tests the impact of new urbanization on rural poverty.Fourth,Policy recommendations for new urbanization to promote rural poverty reduction.The study is divided into nine parts:The first part is an introduction.Firstly,the research background of this paper is expounded,and then based on the relevant research at home and abroad,the research objectives and research contents of this paper are established.The research methods,research ideas,data sources and overall framework are also explained.Finally,the possible innovations and shortcomings of this paper are put forward.The second part is the first chapter,the core concept and the theoretical basis.This chapter first defines the core concepts of new urbanization,rural income poverty,rural education poverty and rural medical poverty.Then the relevant theories of this study are discussed in detail,mainly from the theory of binary structure,the theory of agglomeration and diffusion,the growth pole theory,the theory of industrial structure,the theory of poverty and the theory of anti-poverty.The third part is the second chapter,the research on the status quo of China’s new urbanization development.This chapter first summarizes the development process of China’s urbanization,and divides the development process of China’s urbanization into four stages.Secondly,it analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution trend of China’s population urbanization,land urbanization and economic urbanization from the two dimensions of time and space.Then,from the six dimensions of population,land,economy,ecology,life and urban-rural integration,a total of 20 indicators are used to construct an evaluation index system for the development level of China’s new urbanization.Finally,the entropy method is used to measure the comprehensive level of China’s new urbanization from the two dimensions of time and space,and then analyze it.The fourth part is the third chapter,the mechanism of the new urbanization on the rural poverty alleviation.This chapter mainly discusses the impact mechanism of urbanization on rural income poverty,education poverty and medical poverty from three aspects of population,land and economic urbanization in the process of new urbanization,and proposes relevant research hypothesis based on theoretical analysis.Firstly,This paper discusses the mechanism of population urbanization affecting rural poverty from three aspects: household conversion effect and labor transfer effect.Then,This paper discusses the mechanism of land urbanization on rural poverty from two aspects: growth pole effect and land price effect.Finally,This paper discusses the mechanism of economic urbanization affecting rural poverty from two aspects: the trickle effect and the structural effect.The fifth part is the fourth chapter,the empirical study of the effect of new urbanization on rural poverty alleviation.This chapter starts from the perspective of rural income poverty,educational poverty and medical poverty,based on the measurement of China’s new urbanization comprehensive index,the time series model,spatial panel model and multi-layer linear model are constructed to empirically test the impact of the new urbanization comprehensive index on rural income,education and medical poverty.The sixth part is the fifth chapter,the empirical study of the effect of population urbanization on rural poverty alleviation.Population urbanization is an important part of China’s new urbanization.In this chapter,from the perspective of the development of population urbanization,three kinds of spatial weighting matrices of the adjacent weight,the geographic weight and the economic weight are set up through the construction of the spatial measurement economic model.On the basis of the relevant analysis of the exploratory space,This paper empirically analyzes the influence effects of population urbanization on rural income poverty,education poverty and medical poverty,and deeply decomposes the impact effect into direct effect and spatial spillover effect.The seventh part is the sixth chapter,the empirical study of the effect of land urbanization on rural poverty alleviation.Land urbanization is an important carrier of China’s new urbanization.From the perspective of the development of land urbanization,this chapter uses the spatial panel data of China from 2007 to 2016 to empirically test the impact of land urbanization on rural income poverty,education poverty and medical poverty by constructing a spatial econometric model.The eighth part is the seventh chapter,the empirical study of the effect of economic urbanization on rural poverty alleviation.Economic urbanization is an important support for China’s new urbanization.From the perspective of the development of economic urbanization,this chapter uses the spatial panel data of China from 2007 to 2016 to empirically test the impact of economic urbanization on rural income poverty,education poverty and medical poverty by constructing a spatial econometric model.The ninth part is the conclusions and policy recommendations.On the basis of summing up the main research conclusions of the full text,this chapter puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of optimizing the spatial layout of urbanization,promoting the urbanization with people as the core,promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and promoting the coordinated promotion of new urbanization and rural revitalization,so as to promote the development of new urbanization and the alleviation of rural poverty in China.Based on the existing research,this paper conducts research around the research objectives.Possible innovations are:First,innovation in research content.Through literature review,it is found that the previous research focused on the relationship between urbanization and economic growth and income distribution.In recent years,a small number of studies have explored the relationship between urbanization and rural poverty,but they have only adopted a single population urbanization index,ignoring that new urbanization is a comprehensive system involving population,land,and economy.Based on this,this paper constructs a new comprehensive evaluation index system of urbanization from the perspective of new urbanization development,from the six dimensions of population,land and economy,and measures the development level of new urbanization in China from the two levels of time and space.Then it analyzes the effects of new urbanization on rural poverty from multiple dimensions,and clarifies the mechanism of urbanization on rural poverty,which is innovative in research content.Second,innovation in research perspectives.Although China’s poverty reduction undertaking has made great achievements,the overall level of China’s economic and social development needs to be improved.The contradiction that restricts the development of poverty-stricken areas still exists.In particular,rural education poverty and medical poverty should receive more attention,and the task of getting rid of poverty is still arduous.The existing literature only considers the poverty of the income dimension when studying the relationship between urbanization and poverty,while ignoring poverty in the dimensions of education and medical care.Based on this,this paper empirically studies the effects of population urbanization,land urbanization,economic urbanization and new urbanization comprehensive index on rural income poverty,education poverty and medical poverty from the perspective of multidimensional poverty.Therefore,this paper is innovative in terms of research perspectives.Third,innovation in research methods.This paper empirically studies the effects of various urbanization indices on rural poverty from the macro and micro dimensions.From a macro perspective,the existing literature on urbanization and rural poverty mostly adopts the common panel model,ignoring the spatial spillover effect of urbanization on rural poverty.Therefore,this paper establishes a spatial econometric model and sets up three spatial correlation models: neighboring weight,geographic weight and economic weight.Based on the spatial correlation analysis,this paper empirically tests the impact effect of new urbanization on rural income poverty,education poverty and medical poverty.From the micro level,the existing research has not analyzed the impact of urbanization on rural household poverty from the rural household level.This paper uses the rural household data of CFPS database to build a multi-layer linear model to study the effect of new urbanization on rural household poverty from a microscopic perspective.Fourth,innovation in research viewpoints.Some of the viewpoints obtained from the empirical research in this paper have certain new ideas.(1)From the perspective of time series model,new urbanization have a lagging effect on the mitigation effect of rural poverty.(2)From the perspective of the spatial panel model,rural income,education and medical poverty have significant spatial correlation.The population urbanization,land urbanization,economic urbanization and new urbanization comprehensive index can not only be significant.Reducing rural poverty in the region can also help rural poverty reduction in other regions through space spillovers.