Research On Measurement And Influencing Factors Of Rural Multidimensional Poverty In Fujian Province Based On Different Scales

Poverty has always been a huge obstacle to human civilization and progress,and it is also the root cause of backwardness in developing countries.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has intensified its efforts in poverty alleviation and development,invested a large amount of funds to carry out poverty alleviation work,and achieved fruitful results.From 2012 to 2018,the total number of rural poor people in the country decreased by 82.39 million,and the incidence of poverty also dropped to 1.7%.With the development of social economy and the continuous advancement of poverty alleviation,the overall situation of rural poverty in China shows two characteristics: First,the distribution of poverty population has significant clustering characteristics;second,multidimensional poverty has become the main form of expression of rural poverty.The regional characteristics of population distribution determine that China should focus on regional targeting and implement regional poverty alleviation policies in order to better implement the poverty alleviation policy and achieve poverty alleviation.The country has gradually shifted its focus on poverty alleviation to multidimensional poverty.However,the current government is still the main single economic indicator as a measure of poverty.It cannot effectively identify the poor population,and it is easy to cause a situation of "the help does not help".In this context,only from the perspective of multidimensional poverty,identifying poverty-stricken areas and poor people,analyzing the influencing factors of poverty,and implementing regional poverty alleviation policies can better implement the preferential poverty alleviation policy and realize the poverty alleviation of the rural poor.Foreign studies on multidimensional poverty started earlier and achieved fruitful research results.In the study of multidimensional poverty,domestic scholars mainly identify and measure poverty-stricken populations,while there are few studies on geographical recognition of poverty-stricken areas.As a province with a relatively developed coastal area in the east,Fujian Province is not an absolute poverty that cannot be solved by the problem of food and clothing,but a deep relative poverty caused bygeographical location and accessibility of public service facilities.In view of this,this paper uses Fujian Province as a research case area,using the measurement and identification methods of multi-dimensional poverty,according to the research ideas of“poor county-poor farmers”,regional targeting and individual targeting of rural poverty in Fujian Province,and poverty alleviation The reasons are discussed in order to propose countermeasures for poverty alleviation and development in Fujian Province.Firstly,starting from the county scale,the paper identifies and measures the poverty in the county,and analyzes the multidimensional poverty situation and its spatial distribution characteristics in the county of Fujian Province.Secondly,from the perspective of the scale of farmers,this paper analyzes the multidimensional poverty situation of farmers in shouning county,and on this basis,explores the causes of poverty.The results show that:(1)The distribution of poverty-stricken population in Fujian Province has significant spatial differentiation characteristics at the county scale,mainly showing the difference in poverty levels between coastal and mountainous counties.The poor population is concentrated in mountainous counties,showing spatial agglomeration.Features.(2)The multidimensional poverty incidence rate of farmers in Shouning County reached 65.66%,which was higher than the national average.The poor population was widely distributed and the poverty level was deep.The education level indicator has the highest incidence of poverty,followed by the vehicle indicator and the health status indicator.The contribution rate of different dimension indicators is quite different,and the health dimension has the highest contribution rate,indicating that the health status greatly affects the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers.(3)Family characteristics,social networks,accessibility of public service facilities and geographic location are the main factors affecting the multidimensional poverty of farmers.The household head age and education expenditure in the family characteristics dimension have a significant impact on the multidimensional poverty status of farmers.The age of the head of household is positively correlated with the multidimensional poverty of farmers;and the greater the expenditure on education,the more likely it is for farmers to fall into multidimensional poverty.Whether family members in the social network dimension act as village cadres or civil servants and can borrow money from banks or relatives and friends has asignificant impact on the multidimensional poverty status of farmers.The time indicators required to reach secondary schools have a significant impact on the multidimensional poverty status of farmers.In the geographical location dimension,the altitude and the road surface conditions in the towns have a significant impact on the multidimensional poverty status of farmers.Based on the previous research on multi-dimensional poverty at the county level and the level of farmers in Fujian Province,combined with the current national precision poverty alleviation and accurate poverty alleviation policy,the following suggestions are proposed for the current government's poverty alleviation and development work:(1)Improve the poverty alleviation work identification and targeting mechanism(2)increase investment in education and carry out skills training;(3)pay attention to the health problems of farmers and improve the basic medical system;(4)improve rural infrastructure and strengthen the social network of farmers.