Subsidy Policies And Rice Planting Pattern Choices

As one of the most important grain crops,rice is the ration source for more than 60%of China's population.China is a major rice producer and forms the most representative three rice cropping regions with different cropping systems in the rice cropping evolution process.In the three rice cropping regions,the Yangtze River Basin is the most significant cultivation region of single and double cropping rice.Since 1990s,the alternant cultivation of single and double cropping rice has increased in the Yangtze River Basin,which led tofluctuations in rice yields of China.Except for natural factors(such as land resources,water resources,and whether)and human factors(such as technological advance,labor forces,and economicbenefits),external factors such as macro policies and change of supplies and demands rice cropping systems can cause fluctuations in rice yields,too.Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China,the rice cropping region of Yangtze River Basin went through several great fluctuations.Since 1990s,the phenomenon of changing from double cropping system to single cropping systemhas aggravated,which caused continuous decline of cultivation area and yield of double cropping rice in the rice cropping region of Yangtze River Basin.In 2003,the cultivation area and yield of double cropping rice were at the lowest point of past 23 years,causing tensegrain supply.In 2014,to improve grain yields,the central government issued a series of taxation reform and fiscal subsidy policies.In the premise of limited arable paddy lands,multiple cropping became an important approach to increase rice cultivation area and yields.Later,the cultivation area of single cropping rice in the Yangtze River Basin began to increase instead of decreasing.Is the rebounce at this time point related to the implementation of national subsidy policies?The author,based on the previous scholars' researches,takes Hunan&Jiangxi as the research scope to deeply explore the influence mechanism of relevant grain subsidy policies of the central and provincial local financial departments on the choice of agricultural household rice growing system.It is of great significance to the stable double-harvest rice growing area and yield increase.At the same time,it provides policy reference principle for national grain subsidy policies' implementation,adjustment and system.Relevant researches are as follows:Research Content One:the empirical research of the impact of hook subsidies on the choice of the agricultural household cropping system.Although hook subsidy is related to input of productive factors,the empirical results show that an insignificant impact effect is demonstrated by double-harvest rice subsidy and large grain grower reward in Hunan on overall farmers cropping index.Since large growers can apply for reward as long as they meet the multiple cropping index.Thereof,the impact of large grain grower reward on highly cognitive farmer groups' cropping system is significantly negative.As they can apply for reward as long as they meet the multiple cropping index,large grain growers can choose increase the area of single cropping to ensure the agricultural net income considering that the double-harvest rice is faced with "labor shortage and sharp increase of labor costs" during the "double-harvest" period.Besides,the subsidy policy obviously affects the multiple cropping index of pure farmers while having an insignificant impact on households with combined occupations and scale-planting households.Research Content Two:the empirical research of the impact of decoupling subsidies on the choice of the agricultural household cropping system.The decoupling subsidies,as the purely external income,can increase the farmers' production costs.The empirical results reflect,the central agricultural "three subsidies" have no obvious impact on the overall multiple cropping index.For agricultural households with high awareness of subsidies,households with combined occupations or even pure agricultural farmers,the "three subsidies" do not affect the choice of cropping system.According to the analysis,the reasons are as follows:one,the cost of labors and agricultural machinery elements are too high.The marginal net income of capital element comprehensive investment is less than the income effect directly caused by decoupling subsidies.Rational farmers will not apply decoupling subsidies to expansion of rice production,which cannot increase the rice multiple cropping index,especially households with combined occupations.They prefer to use it in non-cropping production.Second,the decoupling is issued in accordance with the area of agricultural household tax in the form of generalized system of preference.For pure farmers with large scale cropping area,the area of agricultural household tax accounts for a small proportion of the total cultivated area.Therefore,decoupling subsidies do not have an influential effect on the cropping system of pure agricultural households.Third,decoupling subsidies are not issued timely,which causes farmers to miss the early rice planting time.Research Content Three:the empirical research of the impact of subsidies for agricultural machinery purchase on the choice of the agricultural household cropping system.These subsidies reduce the purchase price of agricultural machinery,lowering the costs of the investment of agricultural machinery.Theoretically,it can promote farmers to replace labor production with agricultural machinery investment.The empirical results demonstrate:the impact of subsidies for agricultural machinery purchase on the choice of the agricultural household cropping system is not significant.Thereof,subsidies for agricultural machinery purchase can increase the multiple cropping index of pure farmers with the operation area of less 50 acres and promotes them to choose to plant double-harvest rice.For those with the operation area of more than 50 acres,the subsidies can motivate them to expand the business scale,which cannot fulfill the goal of affecting the multiple cropping index.The increase of this subsidy has no effect on the choice of the cropping system of households with combined occupations.Farmers choose rice cropping systems mainly depending on the rise of late rice price under the effect of the minimalpurchasing price bailout policy and the opportunity cost inflation of household labor forces due to urbanization development.Based on these conclusions,the paper proposes the direction of adjustment and improvement of future grain subsidy policies.The policy direction proposed in this paperbetter fit in with the supply reform direction,ensure the grain production,improve the market competitiveness of agricultural products,and meet requirements of modern agricultural development.My suggestions are as follows:(1)Weaken the generalized system of preference and carry out the "third-party subsidy" of the agriculturalsocial service system;(2)Promote the transformation of current grain subsidy policies to the supply side and lay emphasis on grain quality improvement.