| Homestead is a special form of building land in rural China.Under the institutional background of "one country,two policies and urban-rural separation"for a long time,homestead plays an important role in ensuring the life of rural residents and maintaining the rural form.With the advancement of urbanization and the reduction of permanent rural population,the homestead in China’s rural areas shows the characteristics of increasing instead of decreasing and utilization rate decline.In some areas,so-called "hollow villages" have also appeared.China is a country with scarce land resources.Every inch of land should be used effectively,no matter in the town or in the countryside.However,the problem of inefficient use of homestead is becoming more and more serious,which must be solved at the moment.The function of homestead mainly includes safeguard function and property function.In the past,when the separation between urban and rural areas was strict,homestead mainly played a role in ensuring farmers’ livelihood.However,with the development of urban-rural integration,the establishment of social security system covering all citizens,the migration of rural population to cities,and the shortage of urban construction land,the property function of homestead gradually has become prominent,and the revitalization of homestead therefore entered the window period of reform.This paper reviews the literature,laws and theories related to homestead reform,and points out that the future homestead reform should take the road of gradual,property oriented and urban-rural integration.In order to consolidate the data base of the study,This study takes the rural population of each province as the weight and the area of homestead of the whole country as the total amount,first estimates the area of homestead of each province,and then takes the urban real estate price as the reference,and according to the total area of the national homestead,evaluates the total potential market value of the current homestead in China,which is about a ten billion level.It is found that the revitalization of homestead will release the huge dividend of the whole reform.Based on the analysis of the current situation,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the homestead management in China.In view of these problems,referring to Marx’s land rent theory and progressive decision-making theory,combined with the current situation of the homestead in China,it is pointed out that revitalizing homestead can improve the property income of farmers,gradually release the rural land dividends,ease the tension of urban construction land,and promote the urban-rural integration development.According to the questionnaire survey,the core stakeholders in China’s homestead reform were sorted out,and the mixed strategy game analysis was adopted to draw the conclusions that reasonable incentive and constraint mechanism should be built for grassroots cadres and farmers,and the planning of rural construction land market should be made,so as to revitalizing the homestead smoothly.Finally,under the support of several case analysis,the path and main policy suggestions of gradual revitalization of homestead are obtained.The overall path of gradual revitalization of homestead proposed in this study is:take the pilot areas as the first trial,the developed areas as the breakthrough,and combine with the local actual situation,adopt different revitalization modes.The specific implementation path is divided into three aspects:short-term,medium-term and long-term.The implementation path of revitalization in short-term mainly includes providing paid exit mode for idle homestead,relocating and reorganizing dangerous houses in rural areas that have not yet been idle,and carrying out regulation on the homestead of "one family with more houses" or the part exceeding the specified area.In the mid-term,the focus of homestead revitalization is to develop the property function of homestead,gradually expand the scope of homestead transfer under the condition of limiting the transfer period and transfer usage,and strengthen the management standard of homestead in each region.The long-term path is mainly to establish the perfect rural collective construction land property rights system and the unified urban-rural construction land transaction market according to the basic characteristics of the market economy,and finally achieve urban-rural integration. |
