Competition,Disorder And Government Regulation In Bicycle-sharing Industry

Sharing economic research at home and abroad is a very fresh topic,which suggests that a new form of the future economic development.Its essence is a kind of new economic model,through the "possessions" use right and ownership separation,combination of mobile Internet,big data and cloud computing technology,will be fully recycling idle resources,in line with the reality of low carbon environmental requirements.As a typical representative of sharing economy,bicycle-sharing is a new thing which develops vigorously and faces many problems.One of the most important is the moral hazard of users in the use process.In the case of asymmetric information,it is possible to make damage to bicycle-sharing,privately use social property and make other opportunistic behaviors.Although the scholars at home and abroad in related research field do research on the sharing economy,most researchers are only limited to the surface phenomenon,mainly discussing the research.There are few in-depth studies on China's sharing economy,especially on bicycle-sharing and systematic policy Suggestions.Therefore,this research has great theoretical research value.Based on the principle of combining theory with practice,this paper makes a systematic study on bicycle-sharing.Bicycle-sharing,as a flourishing new thing,also faces many problems.Among them,the most important is the moral hazard of users in the process of using.In the case of asymmetric information,there possibly appears to be sabotage,damage,private use of public property and other opportunistic behavior on bicycle-sharing.Many scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on expository research when studying this issue.On the basis of previous studies,this paper first establishes a three-party evolutionary game model of bicycle-sharing platform,users and government supervision departments.Theoretically,this paper analyzes the cost considerations of platform reward and punishment system,the cost-benefit of user opportunism,the cost of government supervision and the overall benefit of society,which is helpful to include three parties into research.This model can also find out the cost-benefit equilibrium of users,platforms and government regulatory department and provide further theoretical deduction and support for the improvement of relevant regulatory system.To achieve the healthy development of bicycle-sharing industry and the realization of Pareto optimum of the whole society,on the basis of theoretical model deduction,this paper innovatively summarizes the antecedent variables and outcome variables of opportunism.It not only theoretically studies the mechanism of total dependence,asymmetry of dependence,uncertainty and other opportunistic antecedents on opportunistic behavior,but also quantitatively studies the mechanism of trust,satisfaction and organizational commitment on opportunistic behavior.Finally,based on the theoretical model deduction and empirical analysis results,this paper explores the regulatory mechanism of government behavior on opportunistic behavior of sharing bicycle users from the perspective of government regulation.And then we put forward pertinent suggestions on government economic regulation,administrative regulation and social regulation.In order to reduce opportunistic behavior of sharing bicycle users,achieve relevant supervision and help promote the sound development of the bicycle-sharing industry,this paper concludes several points.The operation status of bicycle-sharing is closely related to the local economic and social development process.Therefore,under certain space-time conditions,the industry regulation system is not only subject to resource conditions and market environment,but also inevitably related to the overall policy of the local government.For example,on the premise that the local government is committed to the development of modern transportation services,the resource allocation and foundation of bicycle-sharing are closely related.Facilities are mainly guided by regulatory agencies.The regulation policy of sharing bicycles is seldom static.Many regulation policies and their combinations come from the realistic problems in the development of local economy and society.They constantly confirm whether the regulation system adapts to the needs and prospects of stakeholders and evolve together by learning from each other's strategies.This has become the basic basis for this paper to explore the problem of sharing bicycle opportunism and government regulation based on empirical research.In this paper,we put forward the path of perfecting the regulation system of bicycle-sharing industry,which is characterized by indirectness and complementarity.It is of great practical significance to comprehensively solve the current dilemma of bicycle-sharing industry and promote the healthy development of bicycle-sharing industry.This study mainly consists of seven chapters:Chapter one is the introduction.The background,purpose,content and significance of this study are described,and the technical route,research methods and innovation points of this study are explained in this chapter.Chapter two,literature review and theoretical basis.This paper reviews and collates the existing literature on sharing bicycle,sharing economy,opportunistic behavior,competition and regulation theory evolutionary game,government regulation and so on,and combs the entry point of this study,and combs the basic theories of opportunism,evolutionary game,competition and regulation.Chapter three describes the reality chaos problem.This chapter mainly analyzes the realistic chaos of opportunism behavior of bicycle-sharing,which focuses on the risks of the platform and the users.Chapter four analyzes the theoretical model construction and research hypothesis.Firstly,this paper introduces the basic theories of opportunism,evolutionary game,broken window theory,etc.Secondly,it puts forward the research hypothesis of the tripartite evolutionary game between the platform,users and the government,and makes numerical simulation of the evolutionary game.Chapter five is the empirical research design of bicycle sharing opportunism.The design and method of questionnaire survey are introduced.It mainly includes questionnaire design,variable measurement,data collection,pre-survey data analysis results and questionnaire data analysis methods.Chapter six is the part of policy recommendations.This chapter gives some suggestions from the angles of administrative regulation,economic regulation and social regulation.Chapter seven is the part of conclusion and prospect.This paper summarizes and expounds the research conclusions,and points out the future research direction according to the shortcomings of this research.This paper mainly does the following research work.Firstly,the related research theories about sharing bicycles are sorted out.Combining the theory of shared economy,the theory of tripartite evolutionary game,the theory of opportunism and Competition and Regulation Theory,it is helpful to bring the tripartite stakeholders into the study of the opportunistic behavior of bicycle-sharing,and to analyze the origin,course and potential driving factors of institutional change from the perspective of historical reference.Through the integration of the three theories,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the separation of bicycle-sharing use rights and ownership.Secondly,it puts forward the analysis of China's bicycle-sharing operation platform,adopts an evolutionary perspective,combines with the regulations of various local governments in China puts forward the evolutionary game analysis framework based on Nash evolutionary mechanism,and describes the application of evolutionary game analysis model.Assumption premise and analysis characteristics;Thirdly,take the largest bicycle-sharing platform ofo as a case for strategic analysis and financial analysis,and then summarize the main factors affecting the development of bicycle-sharing,and quantify these factors into the empirical model to analyze the impact of these variables on user opportunistic behavior;Fourthly,establish the three-party evolutionary game analysis model which includes bicycle-sharing platform,users,and government supervision department.Because the reward and punishment system matched by the platform is helpful to improve the effectiveness of the supervision system,users tend to comply rather than violate the rules by greatly increasing the opportunistic cost of users.Therefore,the cost-benefit equilibrium points of users,platforms and government supervision departments are found,and different parameters are computed.The simulation results are of great reference value in the framework of evolutionary game analysis.In the process of analyzing the user opportunistic behavior in the tripartite evolutionary game of bicycle-sharing platform,users and government regulators,this paper mainly makes the following three contributions: Firstly,based on the research of the influence of user opportunistic behavior and the regulatory mechanism,this paper establishes the tripartite evolutionary game model of bicycle-sharing platform,users and government regulators.Analyzing the game behavior of cost consideration of platform reward and punishment system,user opportunism cost-benefit,government supervision cost and social overall benefit will help bring the three stakeholders into the study of sharing bicycle opportunism behavior find out the cost-benefit equilibrium point of users,platform and government supervision department,perfect reward and punishment system for platform and government supervision system.Restricting the growth and spread of opportunistic behavior provides theoretical and data support;secondly,this paper takes the largest bicycle-sharing platform ofo as a case for strategic analysis and financial analysis,and then summarizes the main factors affecting the development of bicycle-sharing,and quantifies these factors into an empirical model to analyze the impact of these variables on user opportunistic behavior,which is helpful.Finally,this paper innovatively summarizes the antecedent variables and outcome variables of opportunism,not only theoretically studies the mechanism of the effect of the antecedent variables of opportunism on opportunistic behavior,such as overall dependence,asymmetry of dependence and uncertainty,but also the effects of trust,satisfaction and organizational commitment on opportunity.The mechanism of action of the doctrine behavior also quantitatively studies the relationship between them and opportunism.Finally,combining the theoretical derivation of the three-party evolutionary game model,ofo case strategy analysis and financial analysis,and empirical analysis based on user survey data,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for the steady and upward development of the bicycle-sharing industry and the effective improvement of the government supervision system.For the platform,we should actively cooperate with the relevant departments of the regulatory authorities,through the combination of technological innovation,rewards and punishments,management system improvement,urban planning and other ways to explore user opportunistic behavior solutions,guide users to use bicycles in compliance.Bicycle-sharing enterprises should also actively fulfill their management responsibilities,build efficient professional off-line operation and maintenance teams,establish a vehicle life cycle management system,timely disposal of vehicles parked in disorder and damaged,and comprehensively use Internet of Things,big data,artificial intelligence and other technical means to enhance the efficiency of off-line operation and management;for government regulatory departments,the government must be clear about its own.The role of supervisors,guiders and service providers in the bicycle-sharing market,the benign competition among platforms of bicycle-sharing enterprises,the use of bicycles by users and the improvement of citizens' ethics,the civilized and standardized use of bicycle-sharings,and the improvement of relevant laws and policies,as well as the improvement of infrastructure related to bicycle-sharings.