Research Of PPP Model On Promoting Poverty Reduction Based On The Perspective Of Sustainable Livelihood

Promoting the PPP model in the public service field will help China to achieve the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals of “No Poverty”(eliminating absolute poverty)by 2020 and to deal with the problem of returning to poverty after 2020.The PPP model has the characteristics of multi-stakeholders participating in governance,contributing resources,implementing social policy functions,and pursuing value for money goals.These features make the PPP model have a long-term effect when compare to the traditional procurement model.The PPP model has become an important governance tool for long-term poverty reduction in China.Sustainable Livelihoods are developmental social policies in the field of poverty reduction,with“listing key impact factors;combining macro and micro analysis;focusing on the capabilities of poor farmers;promoting the active participation of poor households to achieve livelihood goals”.Sustainable livelihoods apply to the accuracy and sustainability of poverty reduction.Regarding the research on PPP model to promote poverty reduction,there are fewer researches to analyze the long-term and accuracy of PPP model for poverty reduction of poor households from the perspective of sustainable livelihood.Different from focusing on the macro effect of the PPP model,this study focuses on the micro perspective of benefiting poor households.Based on the theory of empowerment,cooperative governance,and new public service,this paper improves the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis,and its evaluation criteria include rights protection,social fairness and justice,and equalization of public services.PPP model promotes long-term and accurate Poverty reduction effect.The practical background of this paper is that local governments actively explore the PPP model to promote poverty reduction;the policy background is that the PPP model is increasingly closely related to the goal of poverty reduction;the theoretical background is that it is difficult to promote long-term poverty reduction through precise poverty alleviation.In general,the PPP model is less likely to be used to reduce poverty from an empirical perspective and combined with sustainable livelihood theory.However,it is urgent and important to study the long-term effects of PPP model to promote poverty reduction.The main works of this thesis include five aspects:First,analysis of research background and issues of PPP model to promote poverty reduction.Clearly study the research based on the analysis of practice,policy,and theoretical background.From the perspective of sustainable livelihood,this thesis studies five main issues.Whether China's PPP model is conducive to promoting long-term and precision effects of poverty reduction? Is the PPP model conducive to preventing the poor from falling into poverty again? What risks and obstacles does China face in adopting the PPP model to promote poverty reduction? What measures should be included in the good law and good governance of PPP model to promote poverty alleviation?Second,this paper verifies that China's PPP model contributes to the long-term and precision effect of poverty reduction,but at the same time,local governments should pay attention to the various risks caused by the PPP model.This paper uses the symposium,in-depth interviews with experts,questionnaire survey data,etc.,through structural equations and multiple linear regression to verify that China's PPP model is conducive to promoting sustainable livelihoods of poor households.And further analyze the specific impact path of PPP model to promote sustainable livelihoods of poor households.The main conclusions include: PPP model has positive impact on livelihood development strategy,livelihood outcomes,and livelihood development ability;PPP model has positive impact on livelihood results through livelihood strategy;livelihood assets positively adjust PPP model to livelihood outcomes;PPP model has a positive and significant impact on the development of livelihoods through livelihood outcomes;the impact period of poor households affected by the PPP model has a positive and significant impact on livelihood strategies,livelihood outcomes,and livelihood development capabilities.Third,compare the effects of the PPP model on promoting poverty alleviation and preventing return to poverty.This study used a group comparison method in structural equations to analyze the PPP model's poverty alleviation effect on families who have sharked off poverty and still been in poverty.Through comparative research,it is found that China's PPP model can have a positive impact on the sustainable livelihoods of poor families and those who have not escaped poverty.According to themodel path results(standardization coefficient),the impact of PPP model on poor households and non-poor households is found.The impact of PPP model on the livelihood strategies and livelihood results of poor families are greater than that of non-poor households.However,the impact of the PPP model on the livelihood development capacity of poor families are smaller than that of non-poverty families.According to the model path results(standardization coefficient),this paper compares the impact of PPP model on anti-return to poverty and promotes poverty alleviation.It is found that the impact of China's PPP model on the livelihood strategies and livelihood outcomes of anti-return poverty is greater than that of poverty alleviation families.The PPP model has less impact on the development of livelihoods that promote poverty alleviation than households that promote poverty alleviation.Possible explanations for this include: China's PPP model still has certain deficiencies in the sustainable development capability,rights protection,and interest linkages for shaking off poverty.The standards of shaking off poverty in China are less likely to be analyzed and judged from the perspective of sustainable livelihoods,indicating that standards need to be further improved.The public sector must adhere to protecting the poor people's basic rights and continue to attach importance to livelihood development strategies and livelihood development capabilities to the vulnerable groups.Fourth,comparative analysis of China's PPP model is facing obstacles to the development of livelihoods of poor households.Through domestic and international comparison,text analysis,one-way variance,etc.,further analyze the impact of different types,stages and numbers of PPP models on the livelihood development of poor households.Livelihood capital is the basis for the development of livelihoods of poor households.This paper uses the entropy method to analyze the weight of each capital and the extent of its impact on livelihood capital.The article finds out some problems through comparative research and clarifies the main research direction of PPP projects to promote livelihood development.The main issues and inspiration for further research on the article include: The PPP model should focus on industrial development and benefit the poor in the industrial value chain.A comprehensive PPP project has a more significant impact on the livelihood of the poor.The PPP modelshould focus on providing employment opportunities,sharing benefits,and facilitating livelihood development strategies for poor households in the operational phase.Some PPP projects in China do not pay enough attention to performance appraisal during the construction phase.Local governments should not place too much emphasis on the number and scale of projects.Some PPP project contracts are less likely to consider poverty reduction goals.The government should adhere to precise poverty alleviation to increase the livelihood capital of poor households.The standards of poverty alleviation do not include sustainable livelihood factors such as psychological capital,rights protection,etc.,which easily leads to the risk of returning to poverty.Fifth,Proposals for PPP model to promote long-term and precise poverty reduction effects.Based on the above theoretical analysis,empirical verification results,the comparison and problems of PPP model,China should promote poverty reduction based on the practices,selectively absorb foreign experience,improve macro policies of the PPP model.The main recommendations include: promoting the institutional advantages of the PPP model into the effectiveness of poverty reduction governance;promoting poverty reduction through the use of PPP procurement social policies;paying attention to the PPP contractual governance of promoting poverty reduction;and strengthening the effective supervision and capacity building of poverty reduction in the PPP model.The innovations of this paper include theoretical and practical aspects.Theoretical innovations mainly include two aspects:Firstly,reveal the essential requirements of the PPP model to promote poverty reduction.This paper mainly adopts the cooperative governance,the new public service theory,the poverty of rights theory and the empowerment theory to reveal the essential characteristics of PPP model,which promote the long-term effect of poverty reduction.By attaching importance to the participation of all parties and integrating various resources so that the government can no longer rely solely on financial funds to reduce poverty.Instead,it uses market logic to stimulate the endogenous motivation of poor households to form a “self-hematopoietic” function.Secondly,enrich and improve the theory of sustainable livelihoods.Based on theoriginal sustainable livelihood theory,this paper improves the existing sustainable livelihood analysis framework by combining the basic theory of PPP model promoting poverty reduction.Through theoretical improvement,it has a richer connotation,which is conducive to explaining the PPP model to promote long-term poverty reduction.Introducing new public service theory,emphasizing the responsibility of stimulating the public sector to provide quality services.The results of livelihoods focus on the equalization of public services.Attaching importance to the equalization of public services to reduce poverty,that is,to emphasize that financial funds achieve value for money,achieve fairness in income redistribution and promote social justice.Paying attention to the theory of empowerment to protect the basic rights of the poor.Practical innovation mainly includes two aspects:Firstly,it provides references for local governments and developing countries to achieve sustainable poverty reduction through PPP model.Secondly,construct a macro-policy environment that is conducive to the long-term and precise effects of poverty reduction in the PPP model.Good law and good governance are the basic requirements for the PPP model to promote long-term poverty reduction.The main shortcomings of this paper: Limited to the difficulty of data acquisition,this paper is based on the theory to explain the differences between PPP model and other models to promote poverty reduction,lacking the empirical comparative analysis of PPP model and traditional procurement model in promoting poverty reduction effect.Future research will continue to track the latest theories and practices of the PPP model to promote poverty reduction,improve the sustainable livelihood theory and analysis framework,and focus on the PPP model with the main goal of achieving long-term and precision effects of poverty reduction.