Study On The Innovation System Of High-tech Industry In San Francisco Bay Area

With the advancement of high and new technology and the deep development of new scientific and technological revolution,making great effort in development of the high and new technology industry has become one of the most important national strategies in many countries(regions),which could promote the industrial structure upgrading,the social and economic development and the international competitive ability.It has been proved that developing high and new technology industries can not only upgrade and transform the economy growth pattern from extensive one to intensive one,but also promote the quick development of the related industries and create the new economic growth points.As knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive industries,high and new technology industries need to rely on the innovation and breakthrough of new science and technology and new skills,therefore the demands of developing the industries are much more challenging in the technological innovation.Developing the high and new technology industries through innovation and leading the sustained economic growth with the development of high and new technology industries have been widely recognized by the international community.In this context,more attention has been focused on how to achieve the innovation of high and new technology.What is more,as the special production geographical units,based on the bay and port,the bay areas have the superior geographical advantages and can gather the factors like resource,technology,culture,talents and so on.The merging effect in the bay areas make the economy have its special advantages such as open economic system,sustained scientific and technical innovation capability,rational resource allocation,the high and new technology industry cluster,and convenient traffic network,etc.All those mentioned above lead the economy in the bay areas to be full of creativity and growth potential,and the San Francisco Bay Area is one of the typical representatives.This paper chooses the high and new technology innovation system in the San Francisco Bay Area as the research subject which is known as the world bay area of science and technology.With the definition of the high and new technology industries and regional innovation system,based on the innovation theory and industry cluster theory,this paper analyzes the composition,characteristics,operating mechanism,performance and issues of the innovation system,and discusses the operating successful experiences of the innovation system of the high and new technology industries in the San Francisco Bay Area.In this case,it could provide a model for building the high and new technology industry innovation system in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.The history of the San Francisco Bay Area can be divided into three periods.The first period is the initial development period,in which the manufacturing industries of the San Francisco Bay Area had been gradually formed and developed rapidly.The second period is the formation period of the high-tech industries,in which the manufacturing industries had been transited to the high-tech industries in the San Francisco Bay Area.The third period is the rapid development period of high-tech industries in the Bay Area,in which the industry structure mainly based on the high-tech industry and supplemented by the financial industry and manufacturing industry was formed,and the Bay Area developed gradually into the world high-tech industry innovation center.Moreover,in the San Francisco Bay Area,the connection between the high-tech industrial cluster and the innovation system is powerful.The development of the high-tech industrial cluster is an important basis of the scientific and technological innovation development in the Bay Area,and the rational and efficient operation of technology innovation system would further promote the industrial cluster to form and develop.During the course they interact and influence each other,a relatively sound science and technology innovation ecosystem of the high-tech industry was formed gradually in the San Francisco Bay Area.In terms of the innovative main body,the motivation of innovation and the innovative vitality,this paper clarifies the characteristics of high-tech industrial innovation in the San Francisco Bay Area and points out that the main body of innovation system includes the high-tech companies,colleges and research institutions,the innovative motivation is keeping sustainable innovation,and the study from each other between the innovation subjects becomes the vitality of innovation.Combining with the relevant theory researches of the innovation system,the high-tech industrial innovation system in the San Francisco Bay Area is divided into five parts in this paper,including the talent cultivation system,the technology research and development system,the achievement transformation system,support and guarantee system and the government regulation system.The talent cultivation system guarantees the high-tech talents for the development of the high-tech industries,the technology research and development system promotes the unceasingly innovation of the knowledges and technology skills in the bay area,the achievement transformation system makes the technological achievements commercialized,the support and guarantee system helps the development of high-tech industrial innovation system and the government regulation system promote the collaborative innovation among the innovation institutions of the high and new technology industries and the government.The high-tech industrial innovation system in the San Francisco Bay Area was analyzed,and the characteristics are salient.Firstly,the colleges could participate in the operation management of laboratories.Secondly,in order to solve the scientific challenges and breakthrough,the colleges and universities actively encourage the interdisciplinary cooperation.Thirdly,the colleges further increase the capabilities through building together the joint research institutions.Fourthly,hi-tech companies provides laboratories for colleges.The operating mechanism of the high-tech industrial innovation system in the San Francisco Bay Area includes five parts: synergistic mechanism,talent training and introduced mechanism,incentive mechanism,financing mechanism and guarantee mechanism,and there are the close relationships among each mechanism.The effective operation of high-tech industrial innovation system provides the innovation elements,such as capital,talents and science and technology in the San Francisco bay area and promote the social and economic development of the Bay Area.On the positive side,this system could help promote the output level of the scientific and technological innovation,increase the output of the Bay Area economy and improve the employment in the Bay Area.On the other hand,there are still many problems of this system need to be solved urgently,such as the constraints of the scientific research funds and so on.Through analyzing the process of building the high-tech industrial innovation system in the San Francisco Bay Area,the successful experiences can be summarized.Firstly,promote the collaborative innovation among the innovation institutions of the high and new technology industries.Secondly,the Association of Bay Area Govemments(ABAG)needs to coordinate the problems across the region reasonably and effectively.Thirdly,a professional innovation service system should to be built to provide the professional service for the output of high-tech industries.Fourthly,it is better to build an inclusive external environment.In the progress of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,building a distinctive high-tech industrial innovation system is one of the most important missions.The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has unique features such as large economic aggregate,sound financial base,solid manufacturing industries and highly concentrated innovation subjects.But there are still many problems and challenges in this area,such as the limit of innovation elements and production factor mobility,low proportion of high-quality innovation talents,lack of reasonable and robust financial system,low synergy effect of industry-academy-research.Thus,to meet these challenges,it is necessary to learn from the San Francisco Bay Area's successful experiences.