| The objective of this research was to establish a comprehensive knowledge framework for the engineering design and development of compression stockings with comfort perceptions and mechanical functions by conducting theoretical studies, numerical simulations and a series of experimental investigations. An integrative research was undertaken involved five principal parts, to investigate the physical, mechanical, physiological and psychological mechanisms, as well as the multiple interactive correlations amongst them. The first part was to systematically estimate pressure magnitude and distribution applied by graduated compression stockings (GCSs) with different pressure levels, and to analyze the possible reasons influencing pressure performances. Series of materials physical testing were conducted in the second part, to examine the structural characteristics and mechanical-physical properties of GCSs fabrics, and to establish the quantitative relationships between materials properties and pressure functional profiles. Handle estimation and subjective wear trials were carried out in the third part, to investigate the effects of GCSs on subjective tactile, pressure and overall comfort responses, and to establish quantitative psycho-physical relationships between fabric mechanical indices, subjective comfort sensations, and pressure functional performances. Based on the previous researches, a 3D biomechanical mathematical model for numerically simulating and predicting the static and dynamic mechanical interaction between human leg and GCS, were developed in the fourth part by using finite element analysis, to theoretically investigate effects of GCSs on longitudinal and transverse interface pressure and internal soft tissue stress distributions. In the fifth part, the comprehensive psycho-physiological wear trials were conducted, to investigate the physiological mechanisms of GCSs on vascular anatomical structures and hemodynamics of the lower extremities with Doppler Ultrasound Examination, and to examine effects of GCSs on multiple physiological parameters related to the autonomic nervous system and hormonal stress. Meanwhile, the pressure and comfort sensations induced by GCSs in longer wear term, and the variations of the involved multiple mechanisms and their interactions with time were analyzed and discussed. This systematic research advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of action of GCSs, and provided a potent foundation for scientific design and development of optimal comfort and mechanical functional performance of compression stockings and other related pressure apparel products. |
