| The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of complexity as an underlying characteristic of four leisure lifestyle dispositions--proactivity, self-expressiveness, commitment, and self-efficacy. It was hypothesized that greater levels of complexity in leisure are significantly related to higher satisfaction with perceived physical, mental, and social health. In addition, the relationship between hedonistic enjoyment and health was examined to confirm the speculation that pleasure plays a role in maintaining good health. A second goal was to identify significant differences in measures of complexity between mass media activities and five other leisure categories. If distinct differences are revealed, some light may be shed on the age-old debate which asks, "Are some forms of leisure better than others?";A random sample of 400 staff members from the Pennsylvania State University was selected to participate in this study. A total of 221 questionnaires were returned by the respondents, representing a 55% response rate.;The results indicated a significant, positive relationship between self-efficacy in life (as a reflection of self-efficacy in leisure) and all dimensions of health (physical, mental, and social). A positive relationship was also revealed between hedonistic enjoyment in leisure and physical health. Commitment in leisure was found to be negatively related to physical health. Finally, mass media activities were found to be characterized by significantly lower levels of complexity when compared to social activities, nature activities, competitive sports and games, non-competitive/fitness activities, and hobbies.;The results of this study have important implications to the fields of health and leisure studies. When an activity encourages self-efficacious behavior, the participant is more likely to persist in the face of adversity and eventually experience the positive effects of long term participation. In the face of boredom, apathy and frustration, a sense of pleasure may encourage individuals to persevere long enough to attain important health benefits. Activities which are reactive in nature may need to be limited due to the minimal benefits they provide. Finally, the role of commitment as a complex leisure lifestyle disposition needs to be reevaluated for inclusion in future studies. |
