| The origin of building is two kinds of environmental mediation motivation,“enclosing” and“opening”.The meaning of “enclosing” is to define clear climate boundaries from the vast and prosperous nature and form a small space on the vast land for living;the meaning of “opening” is to provide an interactive mode of the internal and external environment,namely,the path,light,wind,heat,etc.required in life.Therefore,based on the basic motives of environmental mediation jointly constructed by “enclosing” and “opening”,two separate environmental mediation systems of “enclosing” and “opening” have been put up with in this paper,to express the experience cognition and strategy practice of environmental action mechanism of human beings in the long years of adapting to climate.Among them,the “enclosing” system points to the philosophy of internal and external existence,which is the existence of heterogeneity and difference of internal and external environmental problems based on “isolation”;the “opening” system illustrates the relationship between the “external” and “internal” that are not opposite based on the mobility of energy and the controllability of building opening.This mode of “choice” also points to the collaborative evolution model of architectural form autonomy and environmental energy mediation,and the technical strategy and practical significance of the “opening” system itself as a type of environmental mediation.First,the discussion of the concept of “opening” of architecture in the article is first carried out,the ontological meaning of its architectural perspective is established,and its type of execution is explained.Then through the understanding of climate,and the thinking between energy,climate,architecture and use subject,the definition of energy system,building opening system and human reaction system under the climate environment system is determined,aiming to explore the“opening” language and paradigm of vernacular architecture in the context of bio-climate from the energy flow dimension,which at the same time also provide a knowledge base for rethinking the autonomy of environment mediation of low-energy building.Secondly,the regional climate of the Taihu Basin has been sorted out and evaluated,the regional bio-climatic demand of the Taihu Basin has been established,the time range in which the passive climate control strategies in the region can be adjusted for thermal comfort and the time ratio that can be supplemented by passive climate regulation strategies are identified by means of the application of bio-climate theory,and the establishment of a bio-climatic method model based on local climate analysis and thermal comfort theory,and the dominant passive climate regulation strategies.Then,the basic form of the vernacular dwellings in the Taihu Basin and the induction of the types of the opening elements has been carried out with the “opening” system as the entry point,by relying on the vernacular dwellings in the Taihu Basin and based on the more adequate field investigation.Two “Opening Systems”(space opening,interface opening)and four “Opening Levels”(shape opening,cavity opening,interface opening,construction opening)have been proposed based on the “opening” system of the building.Based on the climatic characteristics of hot,humid,rainy and calm wind weather in the region,the strain patterns,measures and quantitative indicators of each “opening” element of vernacular dwellings in thermal environment,wind environment and light environment have been analyzed in multiple dimensions by combining qualitative and quantitative methods,and the comprehensive interpretation,qualitative extraction and quantitative analysis of the strain formed in the long-term adaptation to climate and nature by the “opening” system of local dwellings in the Taihu Basin and the passive strategies of adjusting micro-climate environment have been carried out.Thirdly,the concept of “sample dwelling” has been proposed in the article based on the qualitative and quantitative research basis.Taking the improved specific dwellings as the samples and combining with the measured data of physical environment,the in-depth analysis of the climate response mechanism of the “opening” system of the sample dwellings and the verification of thermal,wind and light climate performance have been conducted from four levels of opening.Based on this,a thermodynamic climate model of vernacular dwellings based on the “opening”system in the Taihu Basin has been established,which includes three environmental models of heat density,wind density and optical density.Finally,by discussing and summarizing the climate-guided strategies of “opening” system,the two environmental mediation modes of “wind-heat environment” and “light-heat environment”in hot summer and cold winter areas as well as their specific regional environmental control strategies in response to summer and winter climate conditions have been concluded.At the same time,it is hoped that based on the climate adaptation study of the “opening” system of vernacular dwellings in the Taihu Basin,a type paradigm and regional expression of appropriate technologies of the “opening” system for environmental mediation can be provided,to point to the local culture based on the environmental mediation of local climate environment.(The text contains 224,005 words,450 pictures,44 tables.)... |
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