Study Of Climate Adaptability Of Tibetan Traditional Dwellings

When humans live in changing climate conditions,they adapt to this environment relying on their physical adjustment firstly.However,their physiological ability to adjust is extremely limited.As a result,people must use a variety of methods to resist the adverse effects of the outside climate,such as Construction,clothing, equipment,etc.Therefore the so-called"climate adaptability"of traditional dwelling house is the result that people meet their own environmental needs with the simplest construction methods,materially.From a biological point of view,there are certain differences in physiological functions of people in different natural environments,and the needs of the environment is different too.For this reason,using the theory of evolution and biogeography the author defines the most habitable region for Tibetans in the Tibetan Plateau is for about 3300m～3800m above sea level,and gives a quantitative analysis of the people's environmental needs in this region in the form of questionnaire and test. Accordingly,the traditional vernacular dwelling is the most common typology of the Tibetan architecture in this region.The climate in this region is dry,cold in winter and cool in summer,strong solar radiation,and thin air.In the investigation of traditional residential buildings' resistance to unfavourable affects from the outdoor environment,methods include:taking full advantage of solar radiation,the heat insulation of envelop,ledebouriella seseloides,and ventilation.This text gives a detailed analysis of the above aspects of the traditional architectural design experience.Firstly,in the investigation of using solar heat radiation,this text analyzes the layout of the Tibetan settlements,the building plan,shape and the vertical surface,etc. The author proposes the indoor thermal environment district according to the Tibetan's environmental needs and their lifestyle,and then compares it with the Tibetan traditional building plan.At the same time,the simulation software is used to calculate the best aspect ratio value and traditional Tibetan architecture which gives a quantitative basis to the evaluation of the building shape and window size.In addition,the text summed up the relationship between the shadow of sunshade and the solar radiation.Finally,a brief analysis of the use of solar radiation has been given such as natural lighting and so on.Secondly,in the investigation of envelop insulation capacity,this text calculates capacities for a variety of common envelope structures of the traditional Tibetan dwellings and computs the Heat Work Index of various traditional structures.Basted on the quantitative comparasion between that index and that of the moderm structure,the text determines the potential of the traditional structure in construction to the modern Tibetan dwellings.As an important factor in human thermal sensation,the MRT is mainly influenced by the thermal properties of the envelop,therefore,according to the test data,this text evaluates the MRT of different rooms with different position in traditional Tibetan dwellings.Third,in the investigation of wind prevention in winter,this text uses the building plan,the location of the vents and the building profile to analyze different air distribution methods in Tibetan traditional dwellings in summer and winter and according to the test data of indoor wind speed,the author evaluates the indoor win condition of the traditional architecture.Finally,Taking all three aspects of the architectural design into account this text sums up the experience of suitability s well as the the inadequacy of the climate adapbility of the traditional architecture hoping to expand upon it in future research.This is to provide effective help for the modern Architectural design.