Research On The Morphological Evolution Of Harbin Central City From 1898 To 2018

The large-scale urbanization development of Harbin originated from the construction of the Middle East Railway in 1898.Compared with many famous historical and cultural cities in China,its history of more than 100 years is not too long,but its development process is more tortuous,which has created its unique urban space form and dramatic fluctuation of the form evolution pr ocess.This paper takes Harbin Central City as the research object,based on the theory and method of urban morphology,divides it into six periods from the time dimension,determines the central urban area and typical area as the two main research scale l evels of this paper,and integrates a variety of qualitative or quantitative analysis methods to systematically analyze and interpret the evolution process of relevant morphological elements.This paper is composed of three parts.The first part include s the first chapter of introduction and the second chapter of urban morphology theory analysis and research framework construction.This part is the basic analysis part of the paper.This part discusses the background,purpose and significance of the paper writing,from the research framework,research methods,research objects and elements,and provides theory and technology for the discussion in the following chapters The second part includes the third chapter of modern period and the fourth chapter of modern period of urban form analysis,which analyzes and interprets the development background and morphological characteristics of Harbin Central City and each typical area in six morphological cycles;the third part includes the fifth chapter of urban form evolution law analysis and the sixth chapter of urban form evolution motivation analysis The most important conclusion of the whole paper is to compare the static characteristics of urban morphology in each cycle vertically,analyze its evolution rules,and analyze the generation and evolution motivation of morphological characteristics combined with relevant background.The expansion of Harbin's central city has experienced from the aggregation expansion relying on railway and waterway to the extension ex pansion relying on highway and industrial network.During this period,it experienced three obvious acceleration processes and one obvious deceleration process.The urban structure has experienced a more complex evolution process,from the loose multi cent er structure in the initial stage of urban formation,and the integration,migration and differentiation of single center structure in the following several stages,and gradually develops towards a relatively mature multi-core structure.The whole process is affected by the continuous transformation of geographical environment,showing the evolution of "difference" and "superposition" features.Due to the large stage difference,the continuity of urban structure development is poor,and there is no functional axis with strong continuity in the urban area.Restricted by railway,water system,large-scale industrial land and other factors in the urban area,the traffic between different areas can not be effectively integrated,resulting in the weak overall connection of urban road network,which can not provide effective traffic support for the cultivation of "bipolar multi-core" structure.During the formation and evolution of local urban form,the main guiding ideology evolves from the European classical planning thought based on the aesthetic order in the early stage of urban development to the modern urban planning thought based on functional rationality in the later stage.With this process,the typical road network texture of halbin has changed from "graphic and heart-shaped" to "open and homogenized" form transformation.In this process,it reflects the characteristics of "de regional culture";The form of functional organization has experienced the evolution process from "linear organization" to "r egional organization",and then to "group organization".The organizational level has the evolution characteristics from "vertical" to "flat";The type of public open space has experienced from "block led" to "park green space led" It also shows the trend of miniaturization,banding,diversification and commercialization.The reasons for the formation and evolution of Harbin's urban form are relatively complex.The underlying logic is mainly the geographical environment and natural environment,and the main lines are "the hub position of the city" and "the immigrant city and the influence from Russia",and the economic system,relying network,spatial threshold,planning thought,dominant intention and regulation of morphology The most direct motivation is the stage change of planning intervention and other factors,and the landmark event is the trigger point,which directly affects the urban form through the corresponding urban development policies and related planning.Through the research of this paper,the following innovative results are formed:the three core concepts of "time","scale" and "region" in the relevant theories of urban morphology are extracted,and on this basis,a fusion research platform of urban morphology at mesoscale is built;through the analysis of morphological characteristics from static to dynamic,the evolution of various morphological elements of Harbin Central City is revealed Based on the evolution process and development trend of Harbin urban form,the paper establishes t he regional form selection model of "texture index" and the preliminary evaluation system.