| The study of the tone in the Shan xi dialect, which is usually included in the comprehensive study of a certain dialect or phonetics, mainly focuses on the introduction of some simple tone categories as well as the illustration of the tone sandhi of the two-syllabic words. However, there are a few studies concerned with the Shan xi dialect lacking an overall study as well as a further explanation about some controversial questions. Due to this current situation, this article will study the tone of Shan xi dialect from four aspects. The main contents are as follows:I To study the monosyllabic tone in Shan xi dialect.This part will analyze the tone category and the distribution areas of the Shan xi dialect as well as compare, analyze and demonstrate the tone pitch of the different tone categories in different areas. The first part will adopt the method of linking work at selected spots with that in entire areas. It will first give an overall introduction to the tone categories and features of the Shan xi dialect in different sections, then choose some of the specific categories and analyze them delicately. The second part will list in a chart the tone pitch of the monosyllabic tone in102spots, and then make delicate comparison and analysis on the tone pitch of different tone categories at section unit, so as to combine the records of the similar tone pitches and explain the distinctive one.II To investigate the features of the tone sandhi in the unfolding two-syllabic words.It will first list its tone sandhi in different areas, then investigate how the tone sandhi is combined as well as its features. According to the statistics, the tone sandhi of the two-syllabic word is relatively simple in Da tong and Yun cheng dialect, while that of the Zhong yuan mandarin, Fen he section, Ping yang section, Bing zhou section and Shang dang section is complicated. Apart from the different investigation standards as well as the people involved, the complicated nature of the dialect itself also contributes a lot to this situation.III To analyze the separation and merging of the tone category in Shan xi dialect.The tones of the Shan xi dialect fall into three categories:unvoiced and voiced, literary and colloquial? As for the unvoiced and voiced tones, the level, falling and entering tones in Shan xi dialect are in order, and some are merged for a second time. Differentiation mainly presents in the rising and entering tones. As for the rising tone, it follows the principle that the voiced rising tone is split into the falling tone or Yang qu; the unvoiced rising and sub-voiced rising tones, the rising tone. This can be applied almost in the whole Shan xi province. For the entering tones, its basic feature is that voiced and unvoiced tones belong to the same categories, the same with sub-voiced and unvoiced entering tones. The nature of the in the entering tone is complex, for in the early stage the sub-voiced entering tone is probably in the same category with voiced entering tone rather than being separated later. The literary and colloquial tones, which also exist in Shan xi, mainly present in the merging of the entering tone, especially in the merging of yang entering to sub-yang entering tone. The literal words will be first split, and the rest remain as before, or move forward slowly. The merging of tone category is quite prevalent in Shan xi. This article mainly studies this phenomenon. By way of linking work of selected spots with that in entire areas, the six of representative questions have been selected in the study.a. The process of the merging of High and level and Rising tone in Gao ping dialect.This article will analyze the reasons of the merging at different stages in various regions and give a conjecture of this process.b. The feature of the High and Level tone being the same with the Rising tone in Bing zhou section.Based on the systematic principle of the phonetics evolvement and the comparison of the tone in surrounding areas, this feature is considered to be merged after being separated.c. The investigation of weather the High and Level tone and Rising Tone being merged in Wu Tai section.By the experiment of compare words, it's found that the High and Level and Rising Tone in Wu Tai section are merged only at a few regions, and there's something wrong in previous investigation.d. The study of the tone category merging in Three-toned dialect.The article analyzes its evolved process and cause. It's believed that the Three-toned dialect in the ancient town of Yuan qu is formed by the High and Level Tone being split into Yang qu, which exists before the Yang qu being the split into the Rising Tone. As for Gu xian dialect, it is formed by Yang qu being split into the Rising Tone, and the Yin qu, the Yang ping, which is caused by its closing tone pitch and original tone sandhi.e. The study of the Yang qu being merged with Yin qu in Lin Fen dialect.It follows the principle of Yang qu being split into Yin qu, which is mainly caused by the tone sandhi.? To conclude the evolvement of the MC enter-tone in Jin dialect and mandarin in Shan xi.It mainly studies three questions:the characteristics of the glottal stop dropping of the Jin dialect; the main reason of the Yin yang dialect as well as its merging in the entering tone; the tone evolvement of the entering tone words in Shan xi mandarin. The glottal stop dropping is quite prevalent in Jin dialect, yet its degree is at a much low level in most areas with a few exceptions such as Da bao section in north area and Lv liang section in south area. During this process, the voiced tone is split into the rising tone, the sub-voiced tone and the falling tone, while the merging of the unvoiced words have much in common on their usage of the long tone in Jin dialect. The major direction for the Yin yang dialect and its merging in entering tone is that Yang is split into Yin, which is mainly affected by the major dialects as well as the tone sandhi. The unvoiced and sub-voiced entering tone of the Zhong yuan mandarin in Fen he section are split into falling tone, while the voiced, the rising tone. However, in a few sections between Yun cheng and Lin fen, the evolvement of Yin yang dialect is on the contrary. Take the Xin jiang dialect in Yun cheng for an example. The reason of the sub-voiced and unvoiced entering tone being split into the falling tone is the merging between its high and level tones and falling tones. The proportion of the sub-voiced entering tone being split into the falling tone is much higher than that of the unvoiced entering tone, because the sub-voiced entering tone words, whose tone category is similar to mandarin, borrowed more pronunciations from mandarin than unvoiced entering tone words. |
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