Research On The Ideological Concept Of "Spring And Autumn" In The Pre-Qin Period

In the spring and autumn period and the warring states period,great changes took place in the social structure and ideological and academic aspects,from the city-state based on the feudal system of the patriarchal clan to the vast land and people's empire based on the bureaucratic system of the county,and at the same time,the ideological and academic aspects also changed from the study of the royal officials to the study of the classics.The spring and autumn annals is a chronicle of the state of lu.Confucius took the spring and autumn annals as a text for teaching and expressing his own views,and incorporated the spring and autumn annals into the classical system,which made the spring and autumn annals transform from the study of historians to the study of the world.Confucius inherited and developed the criticism of the spring and autumn annals,and through the analysis of historical events to praise or blame,and through the spring and autumn annals to express his understanding of justice and good,to achieve good order,good governance ambition.Confucius focused his attention on politics and human relations,interpreted the core concepts of the spring and autumn annals with courtesy and virtue,and applied them critically and constructively.Through the analysis of rites and justice,Confucius emphasized the rectification of the name,advocated a top-down and different social order,and held a position of reflection and profit and loss on the social and political reform at that time.Confucius analyzed the spring and autumn annals in the spirit of humanistic rationality,and regarded loyalty,benevolence and righteousness as the main contents of public morality.On the basis of Confucius' s analysis of the spring and autumn annals,zuo zhuan and guliang zhuan followed the trend of development,realizing the transformation of the study of the spring and autumn annals from the study of history to the study of interpretation of the sutra.Zuo zhuan creates a new form of historiography by integrating historical materials of various subjects into one furnace with the historical classics.The main way to interpret the spring and autumn annals is to take the prose,the commentary and the calligraphic examples as examples.Zuo zhuan tells the story of the decline of zhou shi,the rise of hou bo and the rise of qing clan during the spring and autumn period.Guliang zhuan interprets the sutras with righteousness,pays attention to the aspiration of the world,and interprets the core concepts of the sutras with righteousness,tao and righteousness.The essence of promoting lu learning,inheriting Confucius' aspiration and advocating zhou government is to adhere to the way of human relations based on love.Zuo zhuan pays attention to the recording of various calamities and visions,but it also shows obvious humanistic thinking,and puts forward the ultimate thinking of settling down and living with "three immortals" as the content.Guliang zhuan thinks that the king's way runs through heaven and human beings,and seldom speaks about disasters and differences.Guliang zhuan advocates the chastity of life and the connection between heaven and life,and believes that all people are equal in the endowment of life,only because of the class difference and different.Zuo zhuan believes that the ritual system is a social system and operation mode based on the deep social structure.On the one hand,it criticizes and reflects on many social reforms carried out in the spring and autumn period,on the other hand,it draws out the essence of the ritual system,and hopes to incorporate the social and political reforms into the norms of rites and justice.Guliang zhuan focuses on the way of rites and righteousness with respect to honor,succession,kinship and the distinction between men and women as the content.Meanwhile,it has a strong idea of preserving China.Zuo zhuan advocated an orderly social and political order from the top to the bottom,and at the same time advocated a harmonious and different republican administration.There is a prominent humanistic thought in zuo zhuan,which not only shows the emphasis on the power of the people,but also puts forward the thought that governing for the people and getting the people get the government.Guliang zhuan advocates the righteousness of the king's way,The king to weigh,for classes does not conform to the rules of social behavior in criticizing integratation,at the same time advocate for and the different characteristics of social justice,promoting mutual help between countries,emphasizing the status of the doctor in the country and has a prominent weighing all your people's thoughts,think that all of the volunteers is a reflection of social justice,and give the people with high moral,hold the right to kill.At the same time,it paid attention to protecting people's livelihood in agricultural production,taxation,corvee and military service,and put forward the thought of protecting the people while the king,realizing the profound influence of people's power on the historical process.Zuo zhuan interprets the spring and autumn annals in real terms and focuses on governance.It emphasizes the important role of the official system and appointment in national governance,puts forward the political thought of mingde and prudent punishment,pays attention to the selection of talents,has rich military thoughts,recognizes the profound influence of the war on the world at that time,and attaches great importance to the military preparation.Guliang zhuan focuses on governance,advocates maintaining a balance between the selection of sages and kinfolk,and pays attention to social division of labor.On the one hand,it attaches importance to the construction of the country,and on the other hand,it opposes the excessive intervention of the state in the normal operation of the society.Guliang zhuan advocates the cultivation of righteous military,emphasizes the importance of culture,education and military preparation,attaches great importance to the discussion of military laws,and advocates the cultivation of benevolent and righteous teachers to fight without any way.Zuo zhuan attaches great importance to the discussion of virtue,focuses on the content of justice,integrity of the way of loyalty and faith,there are many statements on the emphasis on loyalty,love of the thought of benevolence and justice.Zuo zhuan also attaches great importance to the debate of righteousness and interests,emphasizing that morality and righteousness are the basis of interests,and pointing out the close relationship between the debate of righteousness and interests and the changes of social structure at that time.Guliang zhuan focuses on the interpretation of morality and righteousness,advocates loyalty and filial piety,holds that when there is a conflict between them,loyalty and filial piety should be valued and revenge should be advocated.At the same time,in the face of the warring states period utilitarianism and strong war and merger of the prevailing social situation,the strict defense of the distinction between justice and interests,opposition to the loss of justice because of interests.The formation and development of spring and autumn annals in the pre-qin period,from zuo zhuan to guliang zhuan,reflects the development from the virtue of the gentleman based on republican administration to the benevolent ambition based on the justice of the king,reflects the spiritual fruit in the great social changes,and is essentially the humane and rational way of love.