| Uzbekistan's higher education originated,formed and developed in the Soviet Union.After the October Revolution,the Soviet Government under the leadership of Lenin led the Uzbek people to construct a secular and popular higher education system in the transformation of the old education system.Until the birth of the first multi-disciplinary comprehensive university in 1920,the higher education system was established in Central Asia.The following seventy years have witnessed the historical process of the beginning,formation,reconstruction,transformation and evolution of higher education in Uzbekistan.As the birthplace of higher education in Central Asia,the evolution and reform of Uzbekistan's higher education provide us with a model for studying the history of higher education in Central Asia.It has important academic value and practical significance to enrich the relevant research fields of Central Asian countries during the transition period,to better carry out educational cooperation and to realize the exchanges between China and Uzbekistan in the field of humanities under the background of the construction of the "Belt and Road".This research is based on the excavation and collation of Uzbekistan's educational history archives and documents,extensively absorbing the results of previous studies,and attempting to conduct a comprehensive research on the development and changes of Uzbekistan's higher education during the Soviet era.This study examines the evolution of Uzbekistan's higher education from the holistic perspective of historical research.The whole text is divided into three parts:introduction,text,conclusion and thinking.The introduction part introduces the reason and significance of the topic,summarizes and discusses related academic research results at home and abroad,introduces the theoretical basis and research methods of this research,and points out the difficulties and innovations of this research.The main text is divided into five chapters and twenty-two sections according to the historical process and socialization process of the beginning,formation,reconstruction,and transformation of Uzbekistan's higher education.The first chapter starts with the investigation of Uzbekistan's society and education during the Russian colonial period.It is because the establishment of higher education in Uzbekistan after the October Revolution originated from the transformation of the old social system.During the Tsarist colonial period.there were mainly three types of education,namely,the religious education with the purpose of cultivating devout believers,the old Russian education with the purpose of maintaining colonial rule,and the new education that advocated the introduction of European-style teaching methods and new methods of education to improve the old religious training model.The first two types of education are based on the feudal patriarchal system and the colonial economic system,the new method of education has promoted the ideological enlightenment of the local people to a certain extent and is of progressive significance.Chapter Two discusses the beginning and initial stages of higher education in Uzbekistan.During this period,the workers and peasants of Uzbekistan under the leadership of the Soviet regime reformed the old education system and established the first batch of higher education institutions led by the proletariat in Uzbekistan's history,setting the precedent for higher secular education in Central Asia.Since then,workers and peasants have enjoyed the right to receive higher education,the Soviet regime under Lenin's leadership further established the basic principles guiding the development direction of the proletarian higher education:national equality,secularity,popularization,and the combination with class education which have also become the basic principles and policy orientation guiding the development of higher education in Uzbekistan throughout the whole Soviet period.The third chapter discusses the formation process of Uzbekistan's "centralized"higher education training model during the early 20th century to the Second World War.After experiencing the delimitation of the Soviet nation-states,Uzbekistan established the basic outline and administrative divisions of the current country,and formally joined the union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the form of joining republics.As a part of the Soviet Union,higher education in Uzbekistan has undergone the same evolution as the entire Soviet Union;however,because of the differences in human geo-economic conditions and social and historical backgrounds,higher education in Uzbekistan has also shown unique development characteristics.In accordance with the principle of economic division of labor in the Soviet Union,Uzbekistan is mainly responsible for the development of cotton-centric planting,irrigation,textile processing,and machinery manufacturing,which determines the types and disciplines of Uzbekistan's higher education institutions.The Second World War promoted the development of higher education in Uzbekistan to a certain extent,and further established a centralized"departmental responsibility system." The institutions of higher learning and scientific research units transferred from the front-line regions have expanded the disciplines of local Uzbekistan universities and changed the local production structure to a certain extent.The number of local ethnic intellectuals has increased significantly,and the number of women receiving education gradually expand.The fourth chapter analyzes the course of reconstruction and transformation of higher education in Uzbekistan after World War ?.With the development of the economic reconstruction of the entire Soviet Union after World War ?,the focus of Soviet higher education construction shifted,and the higher education institutions and scientific research units that moved from east to south during the war moved back,and Uzbekistan's higher education fell into a historical stage of slow development;until the 20th century Khrushchev's education reform in the late 1950s brought Uzbekistan's higher education back to the Soviet Union's reform practice,providing the possibility for it to break through the "Stalin model" and realize the modernization shift.Chapter five clarifies the historical context of Uzbekistan's higher education reform and rapid development from the mid-1960s to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.Since Brezhnev's time,it has paid attention to the scientific research function of universities and gradually established a higher education training model that is suitable for the third scientific and technological revolution.Uzbekistan's higher education has achieved great development.Tashkent National University(formerly national University of Central Asia)has become an important base for training foreign students in Asia,Africa and Latin America.On the basis of deep reflection on past reforms,Gorbachev put forward new thinking policies of "democratization" and "openness",promoted the intensive development of talent training,and further promoted the integration of production,education and research for modernization education training model.The conclusions and reflections part provides an overview of the history of the development of higher education in Uzbekistan,through historical tracing,and summing up 70 years of experience.There are many issues that deserve our in-depth consideration.From the positive experience,the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Soviet government attached great importance to the development of higher education in the ethnic border areas,paid attention to improving the knowledge and education level of local ethnic cadres and women,established and popularized education through various measures,took the development of higher education as the key to leveling the economy and culture of the ethnic border areas and the central Soviet Union.In terms of negative effects,due to the economic division of labor during the Soviet period,Uzbekistan has become a source of cotton resources.Although Uzbekistan's higher education institutions focused on the recruitment and training of local ethnic college students,they were mostly distributed in subjects and majors related to agricultural technology.This malpractice has led to the single economic department of Uzbekistan after independence and the limitation of ethnic intellectuals' distribution of disciplines and specialties.The dogmatism in the ideological and political field and the rigid and conservative education system also hinder the modernization of higher education in Uzbekistan.In summary,this thesis can further enrich domestic academic research in the field of education in Central Asia,and provide historical references for the realization of cultural exchanges and educational cooperation between China and Uzbekistan. |
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