| Founded in December 1933 in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province,based on the ideal of rejuvenating rural economy and realizing national prosperity and national independence,this paper discusses various aspects of rural economy."Rural Economy" not only discusses the economic aspects such as land and finance,but also considers the educational and political aspects closely related to economic development."Rural Economy" magazine contributors from various fields,from different perspectives for us to outline a three-dimensional rural economic outline.The magazine has not only translated and disseminated the advanced economic thoughts of foreign countries,but also made on-the-spot investigation on the economic conditions of various parts of China.Using the research methods of history and economics,this paper comprehensively and systematically sorts out and discusses the rural economic thoughts and viewpoints reflected in the rural economy,education and literature which are not directly related to rural economy are beyond the scope of this paper.The full text is divided into five chapters.The first chapter summarizes the general situation of "rural economy",including its founding process and operation,column setup and contribution author,as well as President Lan Weibin's ideas.In addition,from the point of view of statistics,the articles of this journal are arranged according to the category and subject,so as to grasp the whole contents of this journal.The Second Chapter Inspects,analyzes and discusses the problems of rural economic crisis and revival in rural economy.The cause of the rural economic crisis is analyzed from many angles in the magazine of rural economy,including the single cause theory and the comprehensive cause theory,which includes almost every important aspect of rural economic life at that time.These views are the outcome of their thinking on rural economic issues,but they have not formed a systematic theory and have not shown enough arguments.The Path of rural economic revival is also discussed in the journal Rural Economics.Some of them advocated starting from a certain angle,others from various aspects,and based on this,they designed and planned the road of rejuvenation,which reflected the important role of the rural economy in the development of the national economy during the period of the Republic of China,to a certain extent,it has also influenced the government authorities and the people's thoughts."Rural Economy" magazine shows a historical responsibility in rural economic issues,intellectuals with their own professional field of research,actively explore the development of rural economy,there are views,attitude.The rural crisis reflected in the magazine "Rural Economy" is objective,real and comprehensive,but there are systemic and operational problems in the proposed rehabilitation program.Although the National Government of the Republic of China has recognized the importance of rural economic problems,due to the current situation at home and abroad,it can not devote sufficient manpower,material resources and financial resources to solve the rural economic problems,so no amount of good design,isn't GONNA be a guide to action,let alone a reality.The third chapter discusses the rural land issues covered by rural economy.The articles published in rural economy discussed the problems of land ownership,distribution,use and taxation,sorted out the development of the land system in ancient China,and evaluated the land system of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,it also discusses how to carry on the land use and the land production in order to raise the land productivity.The paper holds that the land problem is the core of the rural problems in China,which is mainly manifested in the excessive concentration of land in the hands of a few landlords,the uneven distribution of land,the heavy land tax and the low economic benefit of land The Kuomintang and the Communist Party have the same goal in solving the land problem,that is to abolish the private ownership of the land,but their paths are different The import and export of agricultural products is an important part of international trade,which directly affects the agricultural income and the living standard of farmers.Although rural economics pays great attention to rural land issues,it is influenced by political orientation and ideology,and tries not to touch the interests of the Ruling class or landlord class when discussing this issue,this was in line with the National Government of the Republic of China's insistence on reform.The Fourth Chapter Discusses The rural financial problems covered by rural economy.The article in rural economy mainly expounds the domestic financial market environment,the characteristics of rural financial market and the characteristics of rural family finance.In the domestic financial market environment,the government should become the leading and pioneer of the rural financial industry,and all kinds of banks should take up the responsibility of the The Wrestler and bring the surplus capital into the rural areas.In terms of the characteristics of rural financial markets,relevant articles have pointed out that most rural households in China are short of capital,and the capital gap in rural financial markets is huge,once active in the rural financial market usury,banks,and other financial methods become ineffective or inefficient.With regard to the characteristics of rural household finance,relevant articles have pointed out that the root cause of the imbalance between income and expenditure of rural households is too little income,and that most of the borrowed funds are used for sustainable production or basic livelihood security,rarely used to expand reproduction or education,entertainment,etc..On the one hand,their thoughts expressed the acceptance and approval of Western economic thoughts,and gave high hopes to the power of financial capital,on the other hand,they also promoted the establishment and perfection of modern financial thought system in China.But they ignore the basic fact that the traditional financial way in the countryside is declining quietly,the modern financial way is not full-fledged,and the channel of capital inflow is not smooth.In addition,finance belongs to the Western economic system,people,especially farmers,have not yet a comprehensive understanding of this,how can it be applied? They do not realize that,in the absence of government participation,capital flows to rural areas are market-driven and government-driven,with clear profit-seeking,directional and restrictive capital,it is impossible to be a stabilizing force for the development of the rural economy.The reason why the rural finance in the Republic of China could not stop the collapse of the rural economy was that the lever itself was not strong enough.The National Government of the Republic of China,determined by its financial resources,never completed the development and construction of a rural financial market.The fifth chapter discusses the problems of rural cooperation in rural economy.At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,the development of rural cooperative economic thought and practice all over the world attracted the attention of Chinese political and intellectual circles,it became an important part of the study of the Economic Thought of the Republic of China.The Journal of Rural Economy mainly discusses the thought and practice of foreign cooperative economy,cooperative thought,cooperative policy and cooperative movement during the Republic of China.In the thought and practice of foreign cooperative economy,they advocate the cooperative theory and experience of foreign countries and believe that cooperative economy is the most advanced economic development model suitable for any country,it is suggested that the cooperative economy be carried out throughout the country and that all types of rural cooperatives be established.In terms of the cooperative thought in the Republic of China period,the article considers that the cooperative thought is a mutual-aid organization established on the principle of equality,that is,"all for one and all for one",and that the cooperative thought is highly consistent with the Three Principles of the People.In the aspect of cooperation policy and movement,the article thinks that the cooperation movement advocated by the Kuomintang from top to bottom has little effect,and is far inferior to the folk cooperation movement led by the peasants' spontaneous organization and professionals The key to the rural cooperation movement is to drive farmers' subjective initiative,which is a decisive internal cause;the basic conditions for ensuring the rural cooperation movement are the coordination of the cooperative administration,the formulation of policies and regulations,etc.,this is the external cause of the impetus.Their views reflect a high degree of recognition of the cooperative economic model,but neglect that this relatively loose organization requires farmers to have a considerable knowledge of ideas,otherwise it will be difficult to achieve practical results.With the fall of the National Government of the Republic of China,this once global model of rural economic development was finally buried in the dust of history.In the conclusion part of the article,the author discusses the academic contribution,historical influence and practical enlightenment of rural economy. |
PDF Full Text Request