The Study On Landscape Of Western And Northern Area Satates Based On Western Zhou Bronzes Inscription

Object of this paper is research on the Western Zhou Dynasty Bangguo??geography in Bronze Inscriptions.Bang?was used commonly in Western Zhou,which means a political entity with core consanguinity people,Guo?refers to the area,which means state in politic after the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.The term Bangguo is an inclusive combination of the actual connotation in Western Zhou and the modern political concept of state.The research using inscriptions and archaeological discoveries,Sorting out geographical records in ducments,and ethnic groups surrounds them.The study on Bangguo is contribute to understanding the Western Zhou political system and administrative regionalization before Qin Han.The work limited in north erea of Zongzhou–Chengzhou??-??and western erea of ancient Yellow River.The article dividing the western and north areas into seven units according to topography,each unit as a chapter.The first chapter is Jing river area,Mi is discoveried in oracle bones and inscription,established in Ling tai before the Zhou Dynasty,dominating traffic in Daxi Valley.The character be interpreted as hei?or jing?were all not right,()be interpreted as shen?maybe is right,they are be friendly to Zhou whose identity were Shang adherents.The ancestors of used to be a king,surrendered to Zhou.Shen?and Lv?are descendantsof Jiang?tribe,living in the northwest area and migrated to Nanyang??Basin at the late Zhou.Character be interpreted as zeng?has not been certified.Interpreting as Bin?was right,Bin is an important military location.The second chapter include Qin?and Yu?,located in both sides of Long mountains,Qin was forced migratied from Shandong by Cheng king,As a result of their ancestor joined with Yin adherents armed rebellion,the city cite nearby Li country??would be Xichui??and Quanqiu??,Liya??cite nearby Qingshui country???would be fiefdom of Feizi??named Qin.Yu is a powerful tribe settle in Qian?river valley,Yu?could be interpretated as Yu?,also has the tile of king,shown its political status is special.The third chapter,West Guo ? nearby Baoji is branch of elder and younger brother of Wen king,and branch into several descendants,they migrated to Shan ? at last?Yuis foreigner came from the southwest area,once be friendly with Zhou but estranged from it.The fourth chapter,Wuzhong??tribe lived nearby Yellow River between Shanxi and Shaanxi at the time of Yinxu??second to third phase,has close contact with Yin,after settled in Taiyuan basin neaby Jin,and then migrated to Dai?,at Yu?country in Hebei province.Liang?is a descendant of Qi Xianggong???,also his named Qinzhong??,the task of Liang is defending barbarians in the north.Rui?was once the most powerful state before Jin and Qin occupy west bank district of the Yellow River,Liangdai??village was the last settlement place of Rui,the place before this has not been found yet.The character and could be interpreted as Han?,the first lord of Han is Wu king's son,Han maybe located at Hejin??country nearby lower Fen river.The states in fifth chapter are within Shanxi province,Yang's?first lord is Xuan king's son,Yang was established in late Zhou,which intention is defending Xianyun??from northern Taiyuan basin.The Shu(?)is a noble of the previous dynasty,living in Tang shu yu's???territory,his wife Yao is also a descendant from ancient Di?like Yao?and Shun?.Tang shu yu was enfeoffed in Tang which between Fen and Hui river district initially,then his son selltled in Jin,has been excavated in TianmaQucun??-??.Around Jin,The archaeologist have found that there have Peng?(?),Ba?,and another tribe,they are maybe Huai xing jiu zong????,nine consanguineous tribes from Huai,they are king's people and also under Jin's ruling.Xun?is also Wu king's son,entitled marquis Hou,living in Linyi??country nearby Su?river,control the traffic lines from Zongzhou to Jin,and was taken over by Jin's branch.Yu?was descendants of Wu Zhongyong???,located in a flat district above Zhongtiao mountains,north of Pinglu,which aims at control the traffic line between Jin and Chengzhou in Luoyang.In the sixth chapter,Guzhu??living around Yan?mountains in late Shang to early Zhou,same clan with Shang king,numerous buried bronzes excavated in Cazuo??and so many archaeological culture nearby is a reflection of complex historical background,at the same time in central China,the Zhou have conquered Shang.Yan first selltled at Liuli river???,was neighbors with Ji?,In mid Zhou,Yan occupied Ji as its capital,Yan located in frontier communicate with other peoples living in northeast area.Beizi??and Beibo??bronzes excavated in Laishui??in Qing danasty,has no relationship with Beizi bronzes excavated in Jiangling??,Hubei province,the latter was casted locally.The seventh chapter including states between Taihang??mountains and ancient Yellow River.Qi?was a military lord nearby Huai river??,which its ancient name is Qi?,the task of Qi is help Xing?to defend barbarians from west of Taihang mountains.Xing was established at Jing state??in Shang danasty,located in Xingtai??,Xing has no relationship with Xingqiu??in Wen country,Henan province.Xing undertaking the task of defend the north barbarians,some bronzes could prove that.The Li?was written as Kai?in inscriptions,established after the king of Wen or Wu conquered Qi?,a state of Shang,the first lord of Li is duke of Bi?'s son,the task of Li is defending barbarians in the Taihang mountains.The first lord of Kang?is Wu king's younger brother,was enfeoffed at Kangqiu??managing Yin adherents,the inscriptions shown that Kang changed its name to Wei?maybe in middle Zhou,this events probably be related to Yi?King order Qing?as hou?.Fan?and Zuo?were both begats from Duke of Zhou,located at Henei??,a district between south Taihang??mountains and Yellow River.The eighth chapter has divided the north and west destrict into seven units based on river and mountains,described every unit's landscape,introduced the traffic lines between different units,these traffic lines combined the netwok of Zhou,concentrate on Zongzhou and Chengzhou as its center.Upstream valley areas of Jing river as borderland of Zhou,different ethnic groups living in this district,like Yin adherents,Siwa??culture peoples,barbarians,and people of Zhou.After middle of Zhou,this buffer zone be destroyed because of some resons,result that Zhou under Xianyun's invading.The groups living in north in Shang danasty shaped geopolitics of Zhou,states'ebtalished were based on this factors.The ninth chapter is history of Zhou and its states,The Zhou was created with states assists.Maintained stable for a long time,some adjustments be taken according to the changes of geopolitics.There are still have barbarian peoples like Huaiyi??and Xianyun,do not surrender and made great hreat to Zhou.The states could only defend against their invasion but can not conquer them.The appendix includes two maps about states' location,another is an inscription classification table belongs to each state's.