| Northwest Industrial company was established and operated in August1933,and became an influential enterprise group in China by 1937.Whether enterprise scale,capital amount or annual output value all occupy a place in the whole country.Product quality,technology and operation management were all advanced at that time.It has made great contributions to the consolidation of Yan Xishan's regime,the improvement of the living standards of the people in Shanxi at that time,the improvement of military equipment and the resistance to Japanese aggression.As an important local enterprise group in the period of the Republic of China,it played an important role in its times and made great contributions to its regime.The emergence of Northwest Industrial company is not accidental,it was the measure of Yan Xishan's " Manufacturing to save the country " ambition.It not only conforms to the needs of the times of seeking development and resisting foreign humiliation,but also makes full use of Jin Province's unique natural resources and geographical advantages.The study of Northwest Industrial company should meet the needs of the transformation and development of Shanxi Province.This article is divided into eleven parts.The first part is the introduction,which introduces the background and significance of this study,the status quo of domestic and foreign research,the content and framework of this study,defines the concepts of "Northwest Industrial company"," government" and "management",introduces the archives used in this paper,and points out the difficulties and innovations of this study.It is divided into ten chapters to introduce the establishment,development,government and management of Northwest Industrial company.The first chapter is about the background and development history of Northwest Industrial company.Northwest Industrial company has made full use of Shanxi's rich coal and iron natural resources and unique geographical advantages.When Yan Xishan was defeated,he timely put forward the idea of " Manufacturing to save the country ",used his regime to rectify the financial order,control the economy,recruit talents extensively,use the "company" system,and built his own industrial empire.The development of Northwest Industrial company has gone through six stages:preparation period,grouping period,General Administration period,centralized management period,new record Northwest Industrial company period and Northwest Industrial Construction Company period.The second chapter introduces Yan Xishan's unique mode of corporate governance,that is,the "Four Committees" governance mode.Yan Xishan called all kinds of enterprises built at that time "Shanxi Provincial People's Public Enterprises" and used the joint-stock limited company model for unified governance,including Northwest Industrial company,Shanxi Bank,Tongpu Railway and so on.The "Four Committees" refer to the Shanxi Provincial People's Public Utilities Supervisory and management Committee,the Board of Directors,the Supervisory Committee and the County Supervisory Committee.The characteristics of the "Four Committees" governance model lie in the realization of the purpose of mutual supervision and restriction,and the realization of Yan Xishan's high degree of personal centralization of power.The day-to-day management organization of the people's public utilities in Shanxi Province is the board of directors,which attached great importance to its own management and standardizes the work system,financial system and surplus distribution.The third chapter is about the organizational structure and personnel composition of Northwest Industrial company.In most of the period,Northwest Industrial company practices centralized and unified management,so its finance and business are all under the unified management of the company.The company headquarters has a large number of management institutions,including the General Services Department,Industry Department,Mining Department,Electricity Department,Business Department,Accounting Department and so on.Subordinate factories generally adopt a three-level management model,that is,under the director set up a class(room),under the class(room)set up a share(department)management model.About the personnel,the total number of employees in Northwest Industrial company is growing,and most of its senior managers have higher education background,even have the experience of studying abroad.The fourth chapter describes the management of personnel in Northwest Industrial company.The core of management is actually the management of people,so this part is also one of the key points of this article.From personnel recruitment,training,organization,work,assessment and other links,the company has developed a detailed approach.The company has a higher threshold for personnel recruitment,and employees must undergo a longer probation period.The company trains skilled workers through the preparation of vocational schools and training courses.The company attaches great importance to workers' political thinking,through Yan Xishan personal training,organization and publicity,literary works and other ways to educate workers.The company strengthens the organization and management of its employees by setting up mutual aid groups and integrating workers and peasants,forcing them to serve in formation,forcing them to participate in war,formulating strict wartime work discipline,and introducing anti-Communist "anti-counterfeiting" programs.Detailed management measures have been formulated for staff work,including office rules and procedures,conference and conference manuscripts,document issuance and filing,and year-end assessment.For workers,work rules,service and preferential treatment were formulated,and there were special policies to increase production before the war.Stayed in the Northwest Industrial company of Japanese were mostly some technicians,the company to this part of the Japanese and their families for standardized management,registration and certification,while giving special living treatment.The fifth chapter is the salary and welfare management of Northwest Industrial company.The company set up welfare committees,established various welfare facilities,established staff consumption cooperatives,distributed food and daily necessities at low prices,paid pensions to employees injured at work and retirees,enrolled life insurance for employees,formulated measures for employees on medical medicines,conducted individual interviews with employees,established northwest clubs and distributed uniforms for employees,provided milk for special people,maternity leave for women workers,standardized marriage and funeral to lighten the burden of employees,and organized periodicals.However,as Yan Xishan's regime was on the verge of collapse,all this welfare disappeared,and even the distribution of basic food was in short supply.The sixth chapter is the financial management of Northwest Industrial company.Before the War of Resistance Against Japan,the company standardized accounting subjects and accounts only from the practical level.After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan,the company adopted the modern accounting system in an all-round way,which stipulated the basic accounting standards,detailed accounting subjects,standardized accounting vouchers,made clear the books and records,standardized asset management,standardized cashier and accounting statements,and required the subordinate factories to achieve standardized accounting management.The company implemented budget settlement and final accounts system to ensure the safe operation of funds.The company implemented strict cost control system,which was comprehensive and detailed.The net profit of each plant was paid to the company except wages and cents.The seventh chapter is the material and engineering management of Northwest Industrial company.The company strengthens the management of materials from procurement,warehousing,sales and protection.The company has promulgated the rules of the Beijing-Tianjin-Shanghai Acquisition Office,the business rules of the department,the methods for purchasing,transporting and accepting materials,the methods for selling finished products,the responsibilities and methods for warehouse management and the establishment of inspection teams to standardize material management and strengthen material protection.At the same time,the company attaches great importance to the collection and utilization of waste materials.For all kinds of projects of the company,project management measures were introduced,requiring relevant parties to formulate project plans and contracts.The eighth chapter is production business management.After receiving the factories in 1945,the Yan Xishan government demanded the factories to restore,rebuild,and come up with self-sufficiency measures and production plans.At the end of the year,factories were required to report on their work over the past year,factories that have not fulfilled their tasks were required to review and explain,and factories that have exceeded their tasks would be rewarded.Some factories in the company sometimes take the form of contracting for non-core works,or contracting for workers in the factory or for workers outside the factory.Companies and factories focused on business inspection and guidance.The ninth chapter introduces the technology and brand management of the company.The company attached great importance to technological innovation and set up a technical committee to award various inventions and improvements according to their contributions.Some factories have adopted new technologies and achieved good results.The company attached importance to brand building and brand maintenance,and severely punished counterfeit products with the help of political power.The tenth chapter is the supervision of all aspects.The company has set up a responsible supervisory committee to supervise and inspect all aspects of the company from time to time.The problems were timely fed back,timely corrected.At the same time,the company launched a "downward look" campaign,the company developed detailed implementation plans for anti-Communist,"anti-counterfeiting",strengthening management,saving cost,rewarding technology and improving enthusiasm for work.In addition,the company paid attention to the examination of accounting books.Inspected and supervised from the book keeping,accounting methods to the implementation of the system,the division of responsibilities and other aspects of.Get rid of class concept,this article considers the governance and management of Northwest Industrial company under the "company" system.Objectively inspect the advantages and disadvantages of Northwest Industrial company's governance and management.The author believes that this paper has made some breakthroughs in the following aspects:First,systematic research on the governance and management of Northwest Industrial company.Jing Zhankui predecessor edited “Yan Xishan and Northwest Industrial company”,which mainly introduced the development of Northwest Industrial company.Although the management of enterprises was involved,there was little writing.In addition,the book,which originated in the 80s and 90s of last century,has a distinctive class color.This study focuses on the "company",considering the governance and management of Northwest Industrial company.This paper makes a systematic study on the corporate governance and the management of people and property within the company,and finds out the differences between Northwest Industrial company and other companies.Second,it is found that Yan Xishan's unique corporate governance model is the "Four Committees" governance model.This model is different from the family company and the common joint stock limited company.The "Four Committees" governance model absorbs the advantages of the family company and the joint stock limited company.It not only realized the balances and supervision between the company's institutions,but also realized Yan Xishan's personal centralization.Third,it reveals Yan Xishan's rule strategy.That is,on the one hand,gave workers preferential treatment,so that the factory itself into a society,so that workers do not contact with the outside world.On the other hand,made workers comply through ideological education,organizational control and special surveillance.These measures made the workers of Northwest Industrial company reluctant and dare not start Strike.Fourth,it reveals the industrial support that Taiyuan is still hard to liberate under the siege.Before liberation,under the circumstances of Taiyuan's long-term siege,shortage of resources and shortage of soldiers,Northwest Industrial company guaranteed production and supported to the front line through comprehensive cost control.Forced workers to defend Taiyuan by organizing formation,participating in and assisting the war.This is one of the important reasons for Taiyuan's delay in its emancipation. |
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